Re: [PATCH v3 1/2] power: supply: Add macsmc-power driver for Apple Silicon
From: Michael Reeves <hidden>
Date: 2026-01-18 12:59:25
Also in:
asahi, linux-pm, lkml
Hi Janne, Thank you for the feedback. On Sat, Jan 17, 2026 at 11:26 PM Janne Grunau [off-list ref] wrote:
On Thu, Jan 15, 2026 at 06:08:15PM +1100, Michael Reeves via B4 Relay wrote:quoted
From: Michael Reeves <redacted>I think the driver is overall similar to the downstream AsahiLinux driver so please keep Hector as author.
Will change in v4!
quoted
This driver provides battery and AC status monitoring for Apple Silicon Macs via the SMC (System Management Controller). It supports reporting capacity, voltage, current, and charging status. Co-developed-by: Hector Martin <redacted> Signed-off-by: Hector Martin <redacted>The downstream driver a quite a few more Co-developed-by:/Sobs. When I squashed the commits I decided to err on the safe side and included commit authors from incremental patches as Co-developed-by: Why did you drop those?
Oh sorry, the UI just displayed marcan because, as you said, the commit was squashed to a single From: marcan commit in the main upstream branch. I see them now on closer inspection and will add SOBs/CDBs in v4, except for the contributor who added unconditional available charge behaviour reporting, because that code is not in the refactored upstream driver I've made here - it's different and conditional now. Unless you think it's fairer and safer to also include that? [...]
quoted
+ +struct macsmc_power { + struct device *dev; + struct apple_smc *smc; + + struct power_supply_desc ac_desc; + struct power_supply_desc batt_desc; + + struct power_supply *batt; + struct power_supply *ac; + + char model_name[MAX_STRING_LENGTH]; + char serial_number[MAX_STRING_LENGTH]; + char mfg_date[MAX_STRING_LENGTH]; + + bool has_chwa; + bool has_chls; + bool has_ch0i; + bool has_ch0c; + bool has_chte;I think comments what these keys do and in which firmware version the appeared or vanished would be helpful here. I can Help with digging through the history.
Will add in v4, thank you for the suggestion. WIll let you know on IRC if any help is needed but can see the full history now.
quoted
+ + u8 num_cells; + int nominal_voltage_mv; + + struct notifier_block nb; + struct work_struct critical_work; + bool shutdown_started; +}; + +static int macsmc_battery_get_status(struct macsmc_power *power) +{ + u64 nocharge_flags; + u32 nopower_flags; + u16 ac_current; + int charge_limit = 0; + bool limited = false; + bool flag; + int ret; + + /* + * Fallbacks exist for keys that may disappear in future hardware. + * CHCE/CHCC/BSFC/CHSC are considered fundamental; absence is an error. + */Why did you rewrite this (and many other) comments? I don't think this is an improvement over the comment in the downstream driver.
I tried to make comments clearer / more concise where needed / make more sense for upstream, so that it would be easier to understand for a wider audience, if there's any changes you don't like, please let me know and I can restore the original comment if that would make more sense. [...]
quoted
+ +static int macsmc_battery_set_charge_behaviour(struct macsmc_power *power, int val) +{ + int ret; + + /* First, reset all inhibitors to a known-good 'auto' state */why? I wouldn't expect this function to make any if `val` is not supported. If has_ch0i is not true POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_FORCE_DISCHARGE will reset inhibit charge and return -EOPNOTSUPP which is unexpected. Resetting the values first and then change them to the actual desired values doesn't make much sense either. Yes, it's a little annoying to make the same calls in multiple cases of the switch statement but you could move the `power->has_*` checks and the smc writes to a single line.
I'll refactor this to handle the specific writes within each switch case for v4, thank you for the pickup!
quoted
+ if (power->has_ch0i) { + ret = apple_smc_write_u8(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CH0I), 0); + if (ret) + return ret; + } + + if (power->has_chte) { + ret = apple_smc_write_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CHTE), 0); + if (ret) + return ret; + } else if (power->has_ch0c) { + ret = apple_smc_write_u8(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CH0C), 0); + if (ret) + return ret; + } + + switch (val) { + case POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_AUTO: + return 0; + + case POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_INHIBIT_CHARGE: + if (power->has_chte) + return apple_smc_write_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CHTE), 1); + else if (power->has_ch0c) + return apple_smc_write_u8(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CH0C), 1); + else + return -EOPNOTSUPP; + break; + + case POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_FORCE_DISCHARGE: + if (!power->has_ch0i) + return -EOPNOTSUPP; + return apple_smc_write_u8(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CH0I), 1); + + default: + return -EINVAL; + } +} + +static int macsmc_battery_get_date(const char *s, int *out) +{ + if (!isdigit(s[0]) || !isdigit(s[1])) + return -EOPNOTSUPP; + + *out = (s[0] - '0') * 10 + s[1] - '0'; + return 0; +} + +static int macsmc_battery_get_capacity_level(struct macsmc_power *power) +{ + bool flag; + u32 val; + int ret; + + /* Check for emergency shutdown condition */ + if (apple_smc_read_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(BCF0), &val) >= 0 && val) + return POWER_SUPPLY_CAPACITY_LEVEL_CRITICAL; + + /* Check AC status for whether we could boot in this state */ + if (apple_smc_read_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(ACSt), &val) >= 0) { + if (!(val & ACSt_CAN_BOOT_IBOOT)) + return POWER_SUPPLY_CAPACITY_LEVEL_CRITICAL; + + if (!(val & ACSt_CAN_BOOT_AP)) + return POWER_SUPPLY_CAPACITY_LEVEL_LOW; + } + + ret = apple_smc_read_flag(power->smc, SMC_KEY(BSFC), &flag);the comment in the downstream driver what the flag is helpful
Will add back (maybe with clarification/cleanup) in v4, thank you!
quoted
+ .set_property = macsmc_battery_set_property, + .property_is_writeable = macsmc_battery_property_is_writeable, +}; + +static int macsmc_ac_get_property(struct power_supply *psy, + enum power_supply_property psp, + union power_supply_propval *val) +{ + struct macsmc_power *power = power_supply_get_drvdata(psy); + int ret = 0; + u16 vu16; + u32 vu32; + + switch (psp) { + case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ONLINE: + ret = apple_smc_read_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CHIS), &vu32); + val->intval = !!vu32; + break; + case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_NOW: + ret = apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(AC-n), &vu16); + val->intval = vu16 * 1000; + break; + case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_CURRENT_LIMIT: + ret = apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(AC-i), &vu16); + val->intval = vu16 * 1000; + break; + case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_POWER_LIMIT: + ret = apple_smc_read_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(ACPW), &vu32); + val->intval = vu32 * 1000; + break; + default: + return -EINVAL; + } + + return ret; +} + +static const struct power_supply_desc macsmc_ac_desc_template = { + .name = "macsmc-ac", + .type = POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_MAINS, + .get_property = macsmc_ac_get_property, +}; + +static void macsmc_power_critical_work(struct work_struct *wrk) +{ + struct macsmc_power *power = container_of(wrk, struct macsmc_power, critical_work); + u16 bitv, b0av; + u32 bcf0; + + if (!power->batt) + return; + + /* + * EMERGENCY: Check voltage vs design minimum. + * If we are below BITV, the battery is physically exhausted. + * We must shut down NOW to protect the filesystem. + */ + if (apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(BITV), &bitv) >= 0 && + apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(B0AV), &b0av) >= 0 && + b0av < bitv) { + dev_emerg(power->dev, + "Battery voltage (%d mV) below design minimum (%d mV)! Emergency shutdown.\n", + b0av, bitv); + kernel_power_off(); + return;I don't think we should return here. kernel_power_off() may do nothing in which case the orderly_poweroff(true) might save data. I would protect it as well via power->shutdown_started like in the downstream driver to avoid calling kernel_power_off() once per second until the battery dies or the system shutsdown.
Sounds good, will fix in v4. Note that the way orderly_poweroff(true) saves data (if userspace fails to respond) is an emergency_sync() before kernel_power_off() so we could also just add emergency_sync() to this code path to achieve the same effect. Re protection, it would probably be useful to, if we go down the route of removing the return, have 2 separate flags for orderly vs non-orderly shutdown started so we can "upgrade" a shutdown where needed as the comment I added below clarifies.
quoted
+ } + + /* + * Avoid duplicate attempts at orderly shutdown. + * Voltage check is above this as we may want to + * "upgrade" an orderly shutdown to a critical power + * off if voltage drops. + */ + if (power->shutdown_started || system_state > SYSTEM_RUNNING) + return; + + /* + * Check if SMC flagged the battery as empty. + * We trigger a graceful shutdown to let the OS save data. + */ + if (apple_smc_read_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(BCF0), &bcf0) == 0 && bcf0 != 0) { + power->shutdown_started = true; + dev_crit(power->dev, "Battery critical (empty flag set). Triggering orderly shutdown.\n"); + orderly_poweroff(true); + } +} +
[...]
quoted
+static int macsmc_power_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) +{ + struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; + struct apple_smc *smc = dev_get_drvdata(pdev->dev.parent); + struct power_supply_config psy_cfg = {}; + struct macsmc_power *power; + bool has_battery = false; + bool has_ac_adapter = false; + int ret = -ENODEV; + bool flag; + u16 vu16; + u32 val32; + enum power_supply_property *props; + size_t nprops; + + if (!smc) + return -ENODEV; + + power = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*power), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!power) + return -ENOMEM; + + power->dev = dev; + power->smc = smc; + dev_set_drvdata(dev, power); + + INIT_WORK(&power->critical_work, macsmc_power_critical_work); + ret = devm_work_autocancel(dev, &power->critical_work, macsmc_power_critical_work); + if (ret) + return ret; + + /* + * Check for battery presence. + * B0AV is a fundamental key. + */ + if (apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(B0AV), &vu16) == 0 && + macsmc_battery_get_status(power) > POWER_SUPPLY_STATUS_UNKNOWN) + has_battery = true; + + /* + * Check for AC adapter presence. + * CHIS is a fundamental key. + */ + if (apple_smc_key_exists(smc, SMC_KEY(CHIS))) + has_ac_adapter = true; +I think a short circuit check for !(has_battery || has_ac_adapter) would make sense here. The setup code for props is quite long. It should return -ENODEV. ret is not -ENODEV. anymore since it was overwritten with the return value of devm_work_autocancel()
Thank you for the pickup, will fix in v4.
quoted
+ if (has_battery) { + power->batt_desc = macsmc_battery_desc_template; + props = devm_kcalloc(dev, MACSMC_MAX_BATT_PROPS, + sizeof(enum power_supply_property), + GFP_KERNEL);I don't like the dynamic allocation for the props. I think we can currently get way with static property arrays and so we should do that. See my comments below
I think dynamic allocation is useful for backward and forward compatibility in future (while I have been writing this Draft, Nick Chan has sent a reply echoing this from a pre-M1 bringup perspective), and is also cleaner / less hacky, so would also prefer if it's kept, but happy to change to static if that's the consensus that emerges.
quoted
+ if (!props) + return -ENOMEM; + + nprops = 0; + + /* Fundamental properties */ + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_STATUS; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_PRESENT; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CURRENT_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_POWER_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY_LEVEL; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CYCLE_COUNT; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_HEALTH; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_SCOPE; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_MODEL_NAME; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_SERIAL_NUMBER; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_MANUFACTURE_YEAR; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_MANUFACTURE_MONTH; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_MANUFACTURE_DAY; + + /* Extended properties usually present */ + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TIME_TO_EMPTY_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TIME_TO_FULL_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MIN_DESIGN; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MAX_DESIGN; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MIN; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MAX; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_TERM_CURRENT; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CONSTANT_CHARGE_CURRENT_MAX; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CONSTANT_CHARGE_VOLTAGE; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_FULL_DESIGN; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_FULL; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_FULL_DESIGN; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_FULL; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_COUNTER; + + /* Detect features based on key availability */ + if (apple_smc_key_exists(smc, SMC_KEY(CHTE))) + power->has_chte = true; + if (apple_smc_key_exists(smc, SMC_KEY(CH0C))) + power->has_ch0c = true; + if (apple_smc_key_exists(smc, SMC_KEY(CH0I))) + power->has_ch0i = true; + + /* Reset "Optimised Battery Charging" flags to default state */ + if (power->has_chte) + apple_smc_write_u32(smc, SMC_KEY(CHTE), 0); + else if (power->has_ch0c) + apple_smc_write_u8(smc, SMC_KEY(CH0C), 0); + + if (power->has_ch0i) + apple_smc_write_u8(smc, SMC_KEY(CH0I), 0); + + apple_smc_write_u8(smc, SMC_KEY(CH0K), 0); + apple_smc_write_u8(smc, SMC_KEY(CH0B), 0); + + /* Configure charge behaviour if supported */ + if (power->has_ch0i || power->has_ch0c || power->has_chte) { + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR;This is the only dynamic battery prop. With a static array we can simply put it at the end of the array and set batt_desc.num_properties to array size - 1 if none of the keys are available.
See above.
quoted
+ + power->batt_desc.charge_behaviours = + BIT(POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_AUTO); + + if (power->has_ch0i) + power->batt_desc.charge_behaviours |= + BIT(POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_FORCE_DISCHARGE); + + if (power->has_chte || power->has_ch0c) + power->batt_desc.charge_behaviours |= + BIT(POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_INHIBIT_CHARGE); + } + + /* Detect charge limit method (CHWA vs CHLS) */ + if (apple_smc_read_flag(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CHWA), &flag) == 0) + power->has_chwa = true; + else if (apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(CHLS), &vu16) >= 0) + power->has_chls = true; + + power->batt_desc.properties = props; + power->batt_desc.num_properties = nprops; + + /* Fetch identity strings */ + apple_smc_read(smc, SMC_KEY(BMDN), power->model_name, + sizeof(power->model_name) - 1); + apple_smc_read(smc, SMC_KEY(BMSN), power->serial_number, + sizeof(power->serial_number) - 1); + apple_smc_read(smc, SMC_KEY(BMDT), power->mfg_date, + sizeof(power->mfg_date) - 1); + + apple_smc_read_u8(power->smc, SMC_KEY(BNCB), &power->num_cells); + power->nominal_voltage_mv = MACSMC_NOMINAL_CELL_VOLTAGE_MV * power->num_cells; + + /* Enable critical shutdown notifications by reading status once */ + apple_smc_read_u32(power->smc, SMC_KEY(BCF0), &val32); + + psy_cfg.drv_data = power; + power->batt = devm_power_supply_register(dev, &power->batt_desc, &psy_cfg); + if (IS_ERR(power->batt)) { + dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(power->batt), + "Failed to register battery\n"); + /* Don't return failure yet; try AC registration first */ + power->batt = NULL; + } + } else { + dev_dbg(dev, "No battery detected.\n");I would drop this
Will do in v4, thank you!
quoted
+ } + + if (has_ac_adapter) { + power->ac_desc = macsmc_ac_desc_template; + props = devm_kcalloc(dev, MACSMC_MAX_AC_PROPS, + sizeof(enum power_supply_property), + GFP_KERNEL); + if (!props) + return -ENOMEM; + + nprops = 0; + + /* Online status is fundamental */ + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ONLINE; + + /* Input power limits are usually available */ + if (apple_smc_key_exists(power->smc, SMC_KEY(ACPW))) + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_POWER_LIMIT; + + /* macOS 15.4+ firmware dropped legacy AC keys (AC-n, AC-i) */ + if (apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(AC-n), &vu16) >= 0) { + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_NOW; + props[nprops++] = POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_CURRENT_LIMIT; + }we can do the same trick here assuming AC-n and AC-i are only present if ACPW is present.
See above comment.
quoted
+ power->ac_desc.properties = props; + power->ac_desc.num_properties = nprops; + + psy_cfg.drv_data = power; + power->ac = devm_power_supply_register(dev, &power->ac_desc, &psy_cfg); + if (IS_ERR(power->ac)) { + dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(power->ac), + "Failed to register AC adapter\n"); + power->ac = NULL; + } + } else { + dev_dbg(dev, "No A/C adapter detected.\n");same here
Will drop, thanks!
quoted
+ } + + /* Final check: did we register anything? */ + if (!power->batt && !power->ac) + return ret;See my comment about the changed value of ret above
Yes, will fix in v4, thank you again for the pickup! [...] Thank you so much for your time! Best regards, Michael On Sun, Jan 18, 2026 at 11:49 PM Janne Grunau [off-list ref] wrote:
On Sun, Jan 18, 2026 at 08:19:38PM +0800, Nick Chan wrote:quoted
On 17/1/2026 20:26, Janne Grunau wrote:quoted
On Thu, Jan 15, 2026 at 06:08:15PM +1100, Michael Reeves via B4 Relay wrote:quoted
From: Michael Reeves <redacted>I think the driver is overall similar to the downstream AsahiLinux driver so please keep Hector as author.quoted
This driver provides battery and AC status monitoring for Apple Silicon Macs via the SMC (System Management Controller). It supports reporting capacity, voltage, current, and charging status. Co-developed-by: Hector Martin <redacted> Signed-off-by: Hector Martin <redacted>The downstream driver a quite a few more Co-developed-by:/Sobs. When I squashed the commits I decided to err on the safe side and included commit authors from incremental patches as Co-developed-by: Why did you drop those?quoted
Reviewed-by: Neal Gompa <neal@gompa.dev> Signed-off-by: Michael Reeves <redacted> --- MAINTAINERS | 1 + drivers/power/supply/Kconfig | 11 + drivers/power/supply/Makefile | 1 + drivers/power/supply/macsmc-power.c | 834 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 847 insertions(+)diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/macsmc-power.c b/drivers/power/supply/macsmc-power.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9b3faefe7a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/drivers/power/supply/macsmc-power.c@@ -0,0 +1,834 @@...quoted
quoted
quoted
+static int macsmc_power_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) +{ + struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; + struct apple_smc *smc = dev_get_drvdata(pdev->dev.parent); + struct power_supply_config psy_cfg = {}; + struct macsmc_power *power; + bool has_battery = false; + bool has_ac_adapter = false; + int ret = -ENODEV; + bool flag; + u16 vu16; + u32 val32; + enum power_supply_property *props; + size_t nprops; + + if (!smc) + return -ENODEV; + + power = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*power), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!power) + return -ENOMEM; + + power->dev = dev; + power->smc = smc; + dev_set_drvdata(dev, power); + + INIT_WORK(&power->critical_work, macsmc_power_critical_work); + ret = devm_work_autocancel(dev, &power->critical_work, macsmc_power_critical_work); + if (ret) + return ret; + + /* + * Check for battery presence. + * B0AV is a fundamental key. + */ + if (apple_smc_read_u16(power->smc, SMC_KEY(B0AV), &vu16) == 0 && + macsmc_battery_get_status(power) > POWER_SUPPLY_STATUS_UNKNOWN) + has_battery = true; + + /* + * Check for AC adapter presence. + * CHIS is a fundamental key. + */ + if (apple_smc_key_exists(smc, SMC_KEY(CHIS))) + has_ac_adapter = true; +I think a short circuit check for !(has_battery || has_ac_adapter) would make sense here. The setup code for props is quite long. It should return -ENODEV. ret is not -ENODEV. anymore since it was overwritten with the return value of devm_work_autocancel()quoted
+ if (has_battery) { + power->batt_desc = macsmc_battery_desc_template; + props = devm_kcalloc(dev, MACSMC_MAX_BATT_PROPS, + sizeof(enum power_supply_property), + GFP_KERNEL);I don't like the dynamic allocation for the props. I think we can currently get way with static property arrays and so we should do that. See my comments belowDynamic allocation is needed to properly add support pre-M1 support, as the SMCs in them misses a few keys, yet in iOS 16 the charge limit (CHWA) keys are added. In a similar way, there really is no sane way to add any new properties for M1/M2/M3 with static allocation. So I would prefer if dynamic allocation is kept.ack, I wasn't really thinking beyond the code in front of me. Let's go with dynamic allocations. A check that nprops doesn't exceed MACSMC_MAX_BATT_PROPS should be added then. Janne