On Mon, Sep 24, 2018 at 04:14:00PM +0100, Patrick Bellasi wrote:

... still it's difficult to give a precise definition of knee point,
unless you know about platforms which have a sharp change in energy
efficiency.

The only cases we know about are those where:

A) multiple frequencies uses the same voltage, e.g.


     ^                                     *
     | Energy                              O
     | efficiency                         O+
     |                                   O |
     |                                 O*  |
     |                              O**    |
     |   O**                    O***       |
     |   +  O**            O****           |
     |   |     O**   O*****                |
     |   |        O**                      |
     |   |          +                      |
     |   |  Same V  |   Increasing V       |
     +---+----------+----------------------+----------->
         |          |                      | Frequency
         L          M                      H

B) there is a big frequency gap between low frequency OPPs and high
   frequency OPPs, e.g.

                                       O
    ^                                **+
    | Energy                       **  |
    | efficiency                 **    |
    |                          **      |
    |                        **        |
    |                      **          |
    |                    **            |
    |                  **              |
    |               O**                |
    |        O******+                  |
    |O*******       |                  |
    |               |                  |
    ++--------------+------------------+------>
     |              |                  |  Frequency
     L              M                  H


In case A, all the OPPs left of M are dominated by M in terms
of energy efficiency and normally they should be never used.
Unless you are under thermal constraints and you still want to keep
your code running even if at a lower rate and energy efficiency.
At this point, however, you already invalidated all the OPPs right of
M and, on the remaining, you still struggle do define the knee point.

In case B... I'm wondering it such a conf even makes sense ;)
Is there really some platform out there with such a "non homogeneously
distributed" set of available frequencies ?

Well, the curve is a second or third order polynomial (when V~f -> fV^2
-> f^3), so it shoots up at some point. There's not really anything you
can do about that. But if you're willing to put in active cooling and
lots of energy, you can make it go fast :-)

Therefore I was thinking:

Maybe we can define a threshold
for a "EE derivative ratio", but it will still be quite arbitrary.

Because up until de/df=.5 we gain more performance than we loose ee. But
I might not have appreciated the fact that when we work with imaginary
cost units that skews the .5.