@@ -20,39 +20,6 @@ static __u32 bpf_map_id(struct bpf_map *map)
 	return info.id;
 }
 
-/*
- * Trigger synchronize_rcu() in kernel.
- *
- * ARRAY_OF_MAPS/HASH_OF_MAPS lookup/update operations trigger synchronize_rcu()
- * if looking up an existing non-NULL element or updating the map with a valid
- * inner map FD. Use this fact to trigger synchronize_rcu(): create map-in-map,
- * create a trivial ARRAY map, update map-in-map with ARRAY inner map. Then
- * cleanup. At the end, at least one synchronize_rcu() would be called.
- */
-static int kern_sync_rcu(void)
-{
-	int inner_map_fd, outer_map_fd, err, zero = 0;
-
-	inner_map_fd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, 4, 4, 1, 0);
-	if (CHECK(inner_map_fd < 0, "inner_map_create", "failed %d\n", -errno))
-		return -1;
-
-	outer_map_fd = bpf_create_map_in_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS, NULL,
-					     sizeof(int), inner_map_fd, 1, 0);
-	if (CHECK(outer_map_fd < 0, "outer_map_create", "failed %d\n", -errno)) {
-		close(inner_map_fd);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	err = bpf_map_update_elem(outer_map_fd, &zero, &inner_map_fd, 0);
-	if (err)
-		err = -errno;
-	CHECK(err, "outer_map_update", "failed %d\n", err);
-	close(inner_map_fd);
-	close(outer_map_fd);
-	return err;
-}
-
 static void test_lookup_update(void)
 {
 	int map1_fd, map2_fd, map3_fd, map4_fd, map5_fd, map1_id, map2_id;

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <execinfo.h> /* backtrace */
+#include <linux/membarrier.h>
 
 #define EXIT_NO_TEST		2
 #define EXIT_ERR_SETUP_INFRA	3

@@ -370,8 +371,18 @@ static int delete_module(const char *name, int flags)
 	return syscall(__NR_delete_module, name, flags);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Trigger synchronize_rcu() in kernel.
+ */
+int kern_sync_rcu(void)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_membarrier, MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED, 0, 0);
+}
+
 static void unload_bpf_testmod(void)
 {
+	if (kern_sync_rcu())
+		fprintf(env.stderr, "Failed to trigger kernel-side RCU sync!\n");
 	if (delete_module("bpf_testmod", 0)) {
 		if (errno == ENOENT) {
 			if (env.verbosity > VERBOSE_NONE)

@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ int bpf_find_map(const char *test, struct bpf_object *obj, const char *name);
 int compare_map_keys(int map1_fd, int map2_fd);
 int compare_stack_ips(int smap_fd, int amap_fd, int stack_trace_len);
 int extract_build_id(char *build_id, size_t size);
+int kern_sync_rcu(void);
 
 #ifdef __x86_64__
 #define SYS_NANOSLEEP_KPROBE_NAME "__x64_sys_nanosleep"