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[PATCH net v4] ip_tunnel: reserve FOU/GUE headroom before encapsulation

From: Chengfeng Ye <hidden>
Date: 2026-09-04 16:55:56
Also in: lkml, stable
Subsystem: networking [general], networking [ipv4/ipv6], the rest · Maintainers: "David S. Miller", Eric Dumazet, Jakub Kicinski, Paolo Abeni, David Ahern, Ido Schimmel, Linus Torvalds 

ip_tunnel_encap() expects its callers to reserve headroom based on
ip_encap_hlen(). ip_tunnel_xmit() currently pushes FOU and GUE headers
before it grows the skb headroom.

That becomes visible when ipgre_changelink() publishes UDP
encapsulation before it updates the device headroom. The transmit path
does not serialize with RTNL, so it can interleave as follows:

  CPU 0 (ipgre_changelink)        CPU 1 (ipgre_xmit)
  install GUE encapsulation
                                  reserve the old needed_headroom
  publish larger GRE flags
  update tunnel->tun_hlen
                                  push the larger GRE header
                                  push the GUE and UDP headers
  update dev->needed_headroom

With REMCSUM, the new layout can push 16 bytes of GRE and 20 bytes of
GUE/UDP headers into an skb with only 32 bytes of actual headroom. The
final UDP push writes four bytes before skb->head.

With the update window widened, the kernel reported:

  skbuff: skb_under_panic: ... len:128 put:8 ... dev:gre0poc
  kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:214!
  Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI
  Call Trace:
   skb_push
   fou_build_udp
   gue_build_header
   ip_tunnel_xmit
   __gre_xmit
   ipgre_xmit

Snapshot tunnel->encap, route and perform PMTU handling first, then
reserve the final headroom before ip_tunnel_encap() builds the UDP
tunnel headers. Because encapsulation is now delayed, pass the
snapshotted encap length into tnl_update_pmtu() so the inner packet
size stays skb->len + encap_hlen - tunnel_hlen.

ip_md_tunnel_xmit() is left unchanged. It takes FOU/GUE parameters
from the skb metadata dst, not from the device configuration, so it
is not exposed to this race. tnl_update_pmtu() still runs after
encapsulation there, so that path passes 0 for the extra length.

The IPv6 analogue of this headroom reservation is still work in
progress.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/b58876297f7d45de008f2e94b6ecab8b2ed84d21.1786088695.git.petalzu987@gmail.com/ (local)
Fixes: dd9d598c6657 ("ip_gre: add the support for i/o_flags update via netlink")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Chengfeng Ye <redacted>
---
Changes in v4:
- Not restructure ip_md_tunnel_xmit(); only pass 0 into the new
  tnl_update_pmtu() argument.
- Snapshot tunnel->encap with data_race() and reuse the copy for both
  ip_encap_hlen() and ip_tunnel_encap().
- Fix tnl_update_pmtu() inner packet size after delaying the encap
  push: pkt_size = skb->len + encap_hlen - tunnel_hlen.
- Keep reverse xmas tree for the new locals.
- Note that the IPv6 FOU/GUE headroom fix is still WIP.

Changes in v3:
- Move the headroom reservation into ip_tunnel_xmit() instead of
  growing the skb inside the FOU/GUE builders.
- Use ip_encap_hlen() to reserve the final caller-side headroom before
  ip_tunnel_encap().
- Drop the IPv4 raw-pointer refreshes that were only needed when
  skb_cow_head() could run inside the encapsulation builders.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260824111944.187200-1-nicoyip.dev@gmail.com/ (local) [v3]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260808005956.3761487-1-nicoyip.dev@gmail.com/ [v2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260801060115.3538849-1-nicoyip.dev@gmail.com/ (local) [v1]
---
 net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c | 24 ++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c b/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c
index 9d114bd575f9..447b435b10cc 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel.c
@@ -512,14 +512,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ip_tunnel_encap_setup);
 static int tnl_update_pmtu(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb,
 			    struct rtable *rt, __be16 df,
 			    const struct iphdr *inner_iph,
-			    int tunnel_hlen, __be32 dst, bool md)
+			    int tunnel_hlen, __be32 dst, bool md,
+			    int encap_hlen)
 {
 	struct ip_tunnel *tunnel = netdev_priv(dev);
 	int pkt_size;
 	int mtu;
 
 	tunnel_hlen = md ? tunnel_hlen : tunnel->hlen;
-	pkt_size = skb->len - tunnel_hlen;
+	pkt_size = skb->len + encap_hlen - tunnel_hlen;
 	pkt_size -= dev->type == ARPHRD_ETHER ? dev->hard_header_len : 0;
 
 	if (df) {
@@ -629,7 +630,7 @@ void ip_md_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 	if (test_bit(IP_TUNNEL_DONT_FRAGMENT_BIT, key->tun_flags))
 		df = htons(IP_DF);
 	if (tnl_update_pmtu(dev, skb, rt, df, inner_iph, tunnel_hlen,
-			    key->u.ipv4.dst, true)) {
+			    key->u.ipv4.dst, true, 0)) {
 		ip_rt_put(rt);
 		goto tx_error;
 	}
@@ -671,6 +672,7 @@ void ip_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 {
 	struct ip_tunnel *tunnel = netdev_priv(dev);
 	struct ip_tunnel_info *tun_info = NULL;
+	struct ip_tunnel_encap ipencap;
 	const struct iphdr *inner_iph;
 	unsigned int max_headroom;	/* The extra header space needed */
 	struct rtable *rt = NULL;		/* Route to the other host */
@@ -680,6 +682,7 @@ void ip_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 	bool md = false;
 	bool connected;
 	int err_count;
+	int encap_hlen;
 	u8 tos, ttl;
 	__be32 dst;
 	__be16 df;
@@ -765,7 +768,10 @@ void ip_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 			    tunnel->net, READ_ONCE(tunnel->parms.link),
 			    tunnel->fwmark, skb_get_hash(skb), 0);
 
-	if (ip_tunnel_encap(skb, &tunnel->encap, &protocol, &fl4) < 0)
+	/* Snapshot encap; ipgre_changelink() can update it concurrently. */
+	ipencap = data_race(tunnel->encap);
+	encap_hlen = ip_encap_hlen(&ipencap);
+	if (encap_hlen < 0)
 		goto tx_error;
 
 	if (connected && md) {
@@ -803,7 +809,8 @@ void ip_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 	if (payload_protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP) && !tunnel->ignore_df)
 		df |= (inner_iph->frag_off & htons(IP_DF));
 
-	if (tnl_update_pmtu(dev, skb, rt, df, inner_iph, 0, 0, false)) {
+	if (tnl_update_pmtu(dev, skb, rt, df, inner_iph, 0, 0, false,
+			    encap_hlen)) {
 		ip_rt_put(rt);
 		goto tx_error;
 	}
@@ -834,7 +841,7 @@ void ip_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 	}
 
 	max_headroom = LL_RESERVED_SPACE(rt->dst.dev) + sizeof(struct iphdr)
-			+ rt->dst.header_len + ip_encap_hlen(&tunnel->encap);
+			+ rt->dst.header_len + encap_hlen;
 
 	if (skb_cow_head(skb, max_headroom)) {
 		ip_rt_put(rt);
@@ -845,6 +852,11 @@ void ip_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 
 	ip_tunnel_adj_headroom(dev, max_headroom);
 
+	if (ip_tunnel_encap(skb, &ipencap, &protocol, &fl4) < 0) {
+		ip_rt_put(rt);
+		goto tx_error;
+	}
+
 	iptunnel_xmit(NULL, rt, skb, fl4.saddr, fl4.daddr, protocol, tos, ttl,
 		      df, !net_eq(tunnel->net, dev_net(dev)), 0);
 	return;
-- 
2.43.0
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