[PATCH bpf-next v4] bpf: Support llvm-objcopy and llvm-objdump for vmlinux BTF

On 2020-03-17, Stanislav Fomichev wrote:

On 03/16, Fangrui Song wrote:

quoted

On 2020-03-16, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:

quoted

On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 10:21 PM Fangrui Song [off-list ref] wrote:

quoted

On 2020-03-16, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:

quoted

On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 8:37 PM Fangrui Song [off-list ref] wrote:

quoted

On 2020-03-16, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:

quoted

On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 6:17 PM Fangrui Song [off-list ref] wrote:

quoted

Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy and
llvm-objdump.  We just need to retain one section .BTF. To do so, we can
use a simple objcopy --only-section=.BTF instead of jumping all the
hoops via an architecture-less binary file.

We use a dd comment to change the e_type field in the ELF header from
ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that .btf.vmlinux.bin.o will be accepted by lld.

Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux")
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <redacted>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <redacted>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871
Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <redacted>
---
 scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 13 ++-----------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
index dd484e92752e..84be8d7c361d 100755
--- a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
+++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh

@@ -120,18 +120,9 @@ gen_btf()

        info "BTF" ${2}
        vmlinux_link ${1}
-       LLVM_OBJCOPY=${OBJCOPY} ${PAHOLE} -J ${1}

Is it really tested? Seems like you just dropped .BTF generation step
completely...

Sorry, dropped the whole line:/
I don't know how to test .BTF . I can only check readelf -S...

Attached the new patch.


 From 02afb9417d4f0f8d2175c94fc3797a94a95cc248 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fangrui Song <redacted>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2020 18:02:31 -0700
Subject: [PATCH bpf v2] bpf: Support llvm-objcopy and llvm-objdump for
  vmlinux BTF

Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy and llvm-objdump.
We use a dd comment to change the e_type field in the ELF header from
ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that .btf.vmlinux.bin.o can be accepted by lld.

Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux")
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <redacted>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <redacted>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871
Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <redacted>
---
  scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 14 +++-----------
  1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
index dd484e92752e..b23313944c89 100755
--- a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
+++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh

@@ -120,18 +120,10 @@ gen_btf()

        info "BTF" ${2}
        vmlinux_link ${1}
-       LLVM_OBJCOPY=${OBJCOPY} ${PAHOLE} -J ${1}
+       ${PAHOLE} -J ${1}

I'm not sure why you are touching this line at all. LLVM_OBJCOPY part
is necessary, pahole assumes llvm-objcopy by default, but that can
(and should for objcopy) be overridden with LLVM_OBJCOPY.

Why is LLVM_OBJCOPY assumed? What if llvm-objcopy is not available?

It's pahole assumption that we have to live with. pahole assumes
llvm-objcopy internally, unless it is overriden with LLVM_OBJCOPY env
var. So please revert this line otherwise you are breaking it for GCC
objcopy case.

Acknowledged. Uploaded v3.

I added back 2>/dev/null which was removed by a previous change, to
suppress GNU objcopy warnings. The warnings could be annoying in V=1
output.

quoted

quoted

This is confusing that one tool assumes llvm-objcopy while the block
below immediately uses GNU objcopy (without this patch).

e83b9f55448afce3fe1abcd1d10db9584f8042a6 "kbuild: add ability to
generate BTF type info for vmlinux" does not say why LLVM_OBJCOPY is
set.

quoted

quoted

-       # dump .BTF section into raw binary file to link with final vmlinux
-       bin_arch=$(LANG=C ${OBJDUMP} -f ${1} | grep architecture | \
-               cut -d, -f1 | cut -d' ' -f2)
-       bin_format=$(LANG=C ${OBJDUMP} -f ${1} | grep 'file format' | \
-               awk '{print $4}')
-       ${OBJCOPY} --change-section-address .BTF=0 \
-               --set-section-flags .BTF=alloc -O binary \
-               --only-section=.BTF ${1} .btf.vmlinux.bin
-       ${OBJCOPY} -I binary -O ${bin_format} -B ${bin_arch} \
-               --rename-section .data=.BTF .btf.vmlinux.bin ${2}
+       # Extract .BTF section, change e_type to ET_REL, to link with final vmlinux
+       ${OBJCOPY} --only-section=.BTF ${1} ${2} && printf '\1' | dd of=${2} conv=notrunc bs=1 seek=16
  }

  # Create ${2} .o file with all symbols from the ${1} object file
--
2.25.1.481.gfbce0eb801-goog

From ca3597477542453e9f63185c27c162da081a4baf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fangrui Song <redacted>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2020 22:38:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH bpf v3] bpf: Support llvm-objcopy and llvm-objdump for
 vmlinux BTF

Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy and llvm-objdump.
Add 2>/dev/null to suppress GNU objcopy (but not llvm-objcopy) warnings
"empty loadable segment detected at vaddr=0xffffffff81000000, is this intentional?"
Our use of --only-section drops many SHF_ALLOC sections which will essentially nullify
program headers. When used as linker input, program headers are simply
ignored.

We use a dd command to change the e_type field in the ELF header from
ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that .btf.vmlinux.bin.o can be accepted by lld.
Accepting ET_EXEC as an input file is an extremely rare GNU ld feature
that lld does not intend to support, because this is very error-prone.

Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux")
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <redacted>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <redacted>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871
Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <redacted>
---
 scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 12 ++----------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
index dd484e92752e..c3e808a89d4a 100755
--- a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
+++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh

@@ -122,16 +122,8 @@ gen_btf()
 	vmlinux_link ${1}
 	LLVM_OBJCOPY=${OBJCOPY} ${PAHOLE} -J ${1}
-	# dump .BTF section into raw binary file to link with final vmlinux
-	bin_arch=$(LANG=C ${OBJDUMP} -f ${1} | grep architecture | \
-		cut -d, -f1 | cut -d' ' -f2)
-	bin_format=$(LANG=C ${OBJDUMP} -f ${1} | grep 'file format' | \
-		awk '{print $4}')
-	${OBJCOPY} --change-section-address .BTF=0 \
-		--set-section-flags .BTF=alloc -O binary \
-		--only-section=.BTF ${1} .btf.vmlinux.bin
-	${OBJCOPY} -I binary -O ${bin_format} -B ${bin_arch} \
-		--rename-section .data=.BTF .btf.vmlinux.bin ${2}
+	# Extract .BTF section, change e_type to ET_REL, to link with final vmlinux
+	${OBJCOPY} --only-section=.BTF ${1} ${2} 2> /dev/null && printf '\1' | dd of=${2} conv=notrunc bs=1 seek=16

No, it doesn't work unfortunately, I get "in-kernel BTF is malformed"
from the kernel.

I think that's because -O binary adds the following:
$ nm .btf.vmxlinux.bin
00000000002f7bc9 D _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_end
00000000002f7bc9 A _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_size
0000000000000000 D _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start

While non-binary mode doesn't:
$ nm .btf.vmxlinux.bin

We don't add them manually in the linker map and expect objcopy to add
them, see:
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next.git/tree/kernel/bpf/btf.c#n3480

Attached v4.

* Added status=none to the dd command to suppress stderr output.
* `objcopy -I binary` synthesized symbols are only used in BTF, not
elsewhere. I think we can replace it with a more common trick,
__start_$sectionname __stop_$sectionname.
* GNU ld<2.23 can define __start_BTF and __stop_BTF as SHN_ABS.
   I think it is totally fine for a SHN_ABS symbol to be referenced by an
   R_X86_64_32S (absolute relocation), but arch/x86/tools/relocs.c
   contains an unnecessarily rigid check that rejects this.

   ...
   Invalid absolute R_X86_64_32S relocation: __start_BTF
   make[3]: *** [arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile:123:
   arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.relocs] Error 1

   Since we are going to bump binutils version requirement to 2.23, which
   will completely avoid the issue. I will not mention it again.
   https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202003161354.538479F16@keescook/ (local)

* I should mention that an orphan BTF (previously .BTF) could trigger
   a --orphan-handling=warn warning. So eventually we might need to
   add an output section description

     BTF : { *(BTF) }

   to the vmlinux linker script for every arch.
   I'll not do that in this patch, though.

quoted

 }
 # Create ${2} .o file with all symbols from the ${1} object file
--
2.25.1.481.gfbce0eb801-goog

 From 9b694d68fefe041464eccb948f6d246fab67942d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fangrui Song <redacted>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2020 13:51:04 -0700
Subject: [PATCH bpf-next v4] bpf: Support llvm-objcopy and
  llvm-objdump for vmlinux BTF

Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy and llvm-objdump.
The existing 'file format' and 'architecture' parsing logic is brittle
and does not work with llvm-objcopy/llvm-objdump.

.BTF in .tmp_vmlinux.btf is non-SHF_ALLOC. Add the SHF_ALLOC flag and
rename .BTF to BTF so that C code can reference the section via linker
synthesized __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. This fixes a small problem that
previous .BTF had the SHF_WRITE flag. Additionally, `objcopy -I binary`
synthesized symbols _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start and
_binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start (not used elsewhere) are replaced with
more common __start_BTF and __stop_BTF.

Add 2>/dev/null because GNU objcopy (but not llvm-objcopy) warns
"empty loadable segment detected at vaddr=0xffffffff81000000, is this intentional?"

We use a dd command to change the e_type field in the ELF header from
ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that lld will accept .btf.vmlinux.bin.o.  Accepting
ET_EXEC as an input file is an extremely rare GNU ld feature that lld
does not intend to support, because this is error-prone.

Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux")
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <redacted>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <redacted>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871
Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <redacted>
---
  kernel/bpf/btf.c        |  9 ++++-----
  kernel/bpf/sysfs_btf.c  | 11 +++++------
  scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 16 ++++++----------
  3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
index 787140095e58..51fff49de561 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c

@@ -3477,8 +3477,8 @@ static struct btf *btf_parse(void __user *btf_data, u32 btf_data_size,
  	return ERR_PTR(err);
  }
  
-extern char __weak _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start[];
-extern char __weak _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_end[];
+extern char __weak __start_BTF[];
+extern char __weak __stop_BTF[];
  extern struct btf *btf_vmlinux;
  
  #define BPF_MAP_TYPE(_id, _ops)

@@ -3605,9 +3605,8 @@ struct btf *btf_parse_vmlinux(void)
  	}
  	env->btf = btf;
  
-	btf->data = _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start;
-	btf->data_size = _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_end -
-		_binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start;
+	btf->data = __start_BTF;
+	btf->data_size = __stop_BTF - __start_BTF;
  
  	err = btf_parse_hdr(env);
  	if (err)

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/sysfs_btf.c b/kernel/bpf/sysfs_btf.c
index 7ae5dddd1fe6..3b495773de5a 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/sysfs_btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/sysfs_btf.c

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@
  #include <linux/sysfs.h>
  
  /* See scripts/link-vmlinux.sh, gen_btf() func for details */
-extern char __weak _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start[];
-extern char __weak _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_end[];
+extern char __weak __start_BTF[];
+extern char __weak __stop_BTF[];
  
  static ssize_t
  btf_vmlinux_read(struct file *file, struct kobject *kobj,
  		 struct bin_attribute *bin_attr,
  		 char *buf, loff_t off, size_t len)
  {
-	memcpy(buf, _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start + off, len);
+	memcpy(buf, __start_BTF + off, len);
  	return len;
  }
  

@@ -30,15 +30,14 @@ static struct kobject *btf_kobj;
  
  static int __init btf_vmlinux_init(void)
  {
-	if (!_binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start)
+	if (!__start_BTF)
  		return 0;
  
  	btf_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("btf", kernel_kobj);
  	if (!btf_kobj)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
-	bin_attr_btf_vmlinux.size = _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_end -
-				    _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start;
+	bin_attr_btf_vmlinux.size = __stop_BTF - __start_BTF;
  
  	return sysfs_create_bin_file(btf_kobj, &bin_attr_btf_vmlinux);
  }

diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
index dd484e92752e..c0d2ecf1bff7 100755
--- a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
+++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh

@@ -122,16 +122,12 @@ gen_btf()
  	vmlinux_link ${1}
  	LLVM_OBJCOPY=${OBJCOPY} ${PAHOLE} -J ${1}
  
-	# dump .BTF section into raw binary file to link with final vmlinux
-	bin_arch=$(LANG=C ${OBJDUMP} -f ${1} | grep architecture | \
-		cut -d, -f1 | cut -d' ' -f2)
-	bin_format=$(LANG=C ${OBJDUMP} -f ${1} | grep 'file format' | \
-		awk '{print $4}')
-	${OBJCOPY} --change-section-address .BTF=0 \
-		--set-section-flags .BTF=alloc -O binary \
-		--only-section=.BTF ${1} .btf.vmlinux.bin
-	${OBJCOPY} -I binary -O ${bin_format} -B ${bin_arch} \
-		--rename-section .data=.BTF .btf.vmlinux.bin ${2}
+	# Extract .BTF, add SHF_ALLOC, rename to BTF so that we can reference
+	# it via linker synthesized __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. Change e_type
+	# to ET_REL so that it can be used to link final vmlinux.
+	${OBJCOPY} --only-section=.BTF --set-section-flags .BTF=alloc,readonly \
+		--rename-section .BTF=BTF ${1} ${2} 2>/dev/null && \
+		printf '\1' | dd of=${2} conv=notrunc bs=1 seek=16 status=none
  }
  
  # Create ${2} .o file with all symbols from the ${1} object file

-- 
2.25.1.481.gfbce0eb801-goog