Sashiko AI code review pointed out there is a TOCTOU (Time-of-Check to
Time-of-Use) race condition in prepare_elf_headers() between the initial
pass that counts System RAM ranges and the second pass that populates them.
If a memory hotplug event occurs between these two steps, the number of
memory regions may increase, causing an out-of-bounds write to
the cmem->ranges[] array.

Fix this fundamentally by using `CRASH_HOTPLUG_SAFETY_PADDING` (128 slots)
to expand the flexible array allocation ceiling upfront. This safely
absorbs any concurrent memory region expansion. Concurrently, add
a defensive boundary check inside the callback to return -EAGAIN on
unexpected overrun, fully eradicating the overflow window and ensuring
system stability.

Cc: Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
Cc: songshuaishuai@tinylab.org
Cc: bjorn@rivosinc.com
Cc: leitao@debian.org
Fixes: 8acea455fafa ("RISC-V: Support for kexec_file on panic")
Reviewed-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinjie Ruan <redacted>
---
 arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
index 3f7766057cac..f3576dc0513f 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
 {
 	struct crash_mem *cmem = arg;
 
+	if (unlikely(cmem->nr_ranges >= cmem->max_nr_ranges))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
 	cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].start = res->start;
 	cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].end = res->end;
 	cmem->nr_ranges++;

@@ -61,7 +64,8 @@ static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
 	unsigned int nr_ranges;
 	int ret;
 
-	nr_ranges = 2; /* For exclusion of crashkernel region */
+	/* For exclusion of crashkernel region */
+	nr_ranges = 2 + CRASH_HOTPLUG_SAFETY_PADDING;
 	walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
 
 	cmem = kmalloc_flex(*cmem, ranges, nr_ranges);

-- 
2.34.1