Under Windows my program is able to perform an autodetection of the device 
with which it work. For that it takes a list of all available serial ports 
from Windows registry. 

Is there any manner to do the same under LiNUX that works on all 
distributions?

hi,

cat /proc/ioports and serach serial

0000-001f : dma1
0020-003f : pic1
0040-005f : timer
0060-006f : keyboard
0070-007f : rtc
0080-008f : dma page reg
00a0-00bf : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : fpu
02f8-02ff : serial(auto)
0340-0340 : HiSax hscx A fifo
03c0-03df : vga+
03f8-03ff : serial(auto)
0740-075f : HiSax hscx A
0b40-0b40 : HiSax hscx B fifo
0cf8-0cff : PCI conf1
0f40-0f5f : HiSax hscx B
1340-1340 : HiSax isac fifo
1740-175f : HiSax isac
1b40-1b47 : avm cfg
e800-e8ff : Adaptec AHA-2940U2/W
f0a0-f0bf : Intel Corp. 82371AB PIIX4 ACPI
f0c0-f0ff : Intel Corp. 82371AB PIIX4 ACPI
f400-f43f : Intel Corp. 82557 [Ethernet Pro 100]
   f400-f43f : eepro100
f800-f81f : Intel Corp. 82371AB PIIX4 USB
   f800-f81f : usb-uhci
fcf0-fcff : Intel Corp. 82371AB PIIX4 IDE
   fcf0-fcf7 : ide0
   fcf8-fcff : ide1

or cat /proc/tty/driver/serial

serinfo:1.0 driver:5.05c revision:2001-07-08
0: uart:16550A port:3F8 irq:4 baud:9600 tx:11 rx:0
1: uart:16550A port:2F8 irq:3 baud:9600 tx:11 rx:0

Frank