@@ -110,9 +110,11 @@
 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) || defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE)
 #define _PAGE_NX	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_NX)
 #define _PAGE_DEVMAP	(_AT(u64, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_DEVMAP)
+#define _PAGE_SOFTW4	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_SOFTW4)
 #else
 #define _PAGE_NX	(_AT(pteval_t, 0))
 #define _PAGE_DEVMAP	(_AT(pteval_t, 0))
+#define _PAGE_SOFTW4	(_AT(pteval_t, 0))
 #endif
 
 #define _PAGE_PROTNONE	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PROTNONE)

@@ -259,6 +259,86 @@ static inline void arch_tlbbatch_add_mm(struct arch_tlbflush_unmap_batch *batch,
 
 extern void arch_tlbbatch_flush(struct arch_tlbflush_unmap_batch *batch);
 
+/*
+ * The enabled_mask tells which bits that were present and gets cleared require
+ * flush.
+ *
+ * The disabled_mask tells which bits that were missing and gets set require
+ * flush.
+ *
+ * All the other bits except the ignored bits will require a flush no matter if
+ * they gets set or cleared.
+ *
+ * Note that we ignore the accessed bit, since anyhow the kernel does not flush
+ * after clearing it in other situations. We also ignore the global bit, as it
+ * is used for protnone.
+ */
+static inline bool pte_flags_may_need_flush(unsigned long oldflags,
+					    unsigned long newflags)
+{
+	const pteval_t ignore_mask = _PAGE_SOFTW1 | _PAGE_SOFTW2 |
+		_PAGE_SOFTW3 | _PAGE_SOFTW4 | _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_GLOBAL;
+	const pteval_t enable_mask = _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_PRESENT;
+	const pteval_t disable_mask = _PAGE_NX;
+	unsigned long diff = oldflags ^ newflags;
+
+	return diff & ((oldflags & enable_mask) |
+		       (newflags & disable_mask) |
+		       ~(enable_mask | disable_mask | ignore_mask));
+}
+
+/*
+ * pte_may_need_flush() checks whether permissions were demoted and require a
+ * flush. It should only be used for userspace PTEs.
+ */
+static inline bool pte_may_need_flush(pte_t oldpte, pte_t newpte)
+{
+	/* new is non-present: need only if old is present */
+	if (!pte_present(newpte))
+		return pte_present(oldpte);
+
+	/* old is not present: no need for flush */
+	if (!pte_present(oldpte))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Avoid open-coding to account for protnone_mask() and perform
+	 * comparison of the PTEs.
+	 */
+	if (pte_pfn(oldpte) != pte_pfn(newpte))
+		return true;
+
+	return pte_flags_may_need_flush(pte_flags(oldpte),
+					pte_flags(newpte));
+}
+#define pte_may_need_flush pte_may_need_flush
+
+/*
+ * huge_pmd_may_need_flush() checks whether permissions were demoted and
+ * require a flush. It should only be used for userspace huge PMDs.
+ */
+static inline bool huge_pmd_may_need_flush(pmd_t oldpmd, pmd_t newpmd)
+{
+	/* new is non-present: need only if old is present */
+	if (!pmd_present(newpmd))
+		return pmd_present(oldpmd);
+
+	/* old is not present: no need for flush */
+	if (!pmd_present(oldpmd))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Avoid open-coding to account for protnone_mask() and perform
+	 * comparison of the PTEs.
+	 */
+	if (pmd_pfn(oldpmd) != pmd_pfn(newpmd))
+		return true;
+
+	return pte_flags_may_need_flush(pmd_flags(oldpmd),
+					pmd_flags(newpmd));
+}
+#define huge_pmd_may_need_flush huge_pmd_may_need_flush
+
 #endif /* !MODULE */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_TLBFLUSH_H */

@@ -654,6 +654,20 @@ static inline void tlb_flush_p4d_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 	} while (0)
 #endif
 
+#ifndef pte_may_need_flush
+static inline bool pte_may_need_flush(pte_t oldpte, pte_t newpte)
+{
+	return true;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef huge_pmd_may_need_flush
+static inline bool huge_pmd_may_need_flush(pmd_t oldpmd, pmd_t newpmd)
+{
+	return true;
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_GENERIC__TLB_H */

@@ -1726,7 +1726,7 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
-	pmd_t entry;
+	pmd_t oldpmd, entry;
 	bool preserve_write;
 	int ret;
 	bool prot_numa = cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA;

@@ -1802,9 +1802,9 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	 * dirty/young flags (which are also known as access/dirty) cannot be
 	 * further modifeid by the hardware.
 	 */
-	entry = pmdp_invalidate_ad(vma, addr, pmd);
+	oldpmd = pmdp_invalidate_ad(vma, addr, pmd);
 
-	entry = pmd_modify(entry, newprot);
+	entry = pmd_modify(oldpmd, newprot);
 	if (preserve_write)
 		entry = pmd_mk_savedwrite(entry);
 	if (uffd_wp) {

@@ -1821,7 +1821,8 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	ret = HPAGE_PMD_NR;
 	set_pmd_at(mm, addr, pmd, entry);
 
-	tlb_flush_pmd_range(tlb, addr, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
+	if (huge_pmd_may_need_flush(oldpmd, entry))
+		tlb_flush_pmd_range(tlb, addr, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
 
 	BUG_ON(vma_is_anonymous(vma) && !preserve_write && pmd_write(entry));
 unlock:

@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ static unsigned long change_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 				ptent = pte_mkwrite(ptent);
 			}
 			ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma, addr, pte, oldpte, ptent);
-			tlb_flush_pte_range(tlb, addr, PAGE_SIZE);
+			if (pte_may_need_flush(oldpte, ptent))
+				tlb_flush_pte_range(tlb, addr, PAGE_SIZE);
 			pages++;
 		} else if (is_swap_pte(oldpte)) {
 			swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(oldpte);