Thread (74 messages) 74 messages, 9 authors, 2011-11-12

Re: [PATCH 10/18] writeback: dirty position control - bdi reserve area

From: Wu Fengguang <hidden>
Date: 2011-09-29 12:15:10
Also in: linux-mm, lkml

On Wed, Sep 28, 2011 at 10:02:05PM +0800, Wu Fengguang wrote:
quoted hunk ↗ jump to hunk
Hi Peter,

On Sun, Sep 18, 2011 at 10:47:51PM +0800, Wu Fengguang wrote:
quoted
quoted
BTW, I also compared the IO-less patchset and the vanilla kernel's
JBOD performance. Basically, the performance is lightly improved
under large memory, and reduced a lot in small memory servers.

 vanillla IO-less  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[...]
quoted
 26508063 17706200      -33.2%  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/xfs-100dd-1M-16p-5895M-100M
 23767810 23374918       -1.7%  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/xfs-10dd-1M-16p-5895M-100M
 28032891 20659278      -26.3%  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/xfs-1dd-1M-16p-5895M-100M
 26049973 22517497      -13.6%  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/xfs-2dd-1M-16p-5895M-100M

There are still some itches in JBOD..
OK, in the dirty_bytes=100M case, I find that the bdi threshold _and_
writeout bandwidth may drop close to 0 in long periods. This change
may avoid one bdi being stuck:

        /*
         * bdi reserve area, safeguard against dirty pool underrun and disk idle
         *
         * It may push the desired control point of global dirty pages higher
         * than setpoint. It's not necessary in single-bdi case because a
         * minimal pool of @freerun dirty pages will already be guaranteed.
         */
-       x_intercept = min(write_bw, freerun);
+       x_intercept = min(write_bw + MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES, freerun);
After lots of experiments, I end up with this bdi reserve point

+       x_intercept = bdi_thresh / 2 + MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES;

together with this chunk to avoid a bdi stuck in bdi_thresh=0 state:
@@ -590,6 +590,7 @@ static unsigned long bdi_position_ratio(
         */
        if (unlikely(bdi_thresh > thresh))
                bdi_thresh = thresh;
+       bdi_thresh = max(bdi_thresh, (limit - dirty) / 8);
        /*
         * scale global setpoint to bdi's:
         *      bdi_setpoint = setpoint * bdi_thresh / thresh
The above changes are good enough to keep reasonable amount of bdi
dirty pages, so the bdi underrun flag ("[PATCH 11/18] block: add bdi
flag to indicate risk of io queue underrun") is dropped.

I also tried various bdi freerun patches, however the results are not
satisfactory. Basically the bdi reserve area approach (this patch)
yields noticeably more smooth/resilient behavior than the
freerun/underrun approaches. I noticed that the bdi underrun flag
could lead to sudden surge of dirty pages (especially if not
safeguarded by the dirty_exceeded condition) in the very small
window..

To dig performance increases/drops out of the large number of test
results, I wrote a convenient script (attached) to compare the
vmstat:nr_written numbers between 2+ set of test runs. It helped a lot
for fine tuning the parameters for different cases.

The current JBOD performance numbers are encouraging:

$ ./compare.rb JBOD*/*-vanilla+ JBOD*/*-bgthresh3+
      3.1.0-rc4-vanilla+      3.1.0-rc4-bgthresh3+
------------------------  ------------------------
                52934365        +3.2%     54643527  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/ext4-100dd-1M-24p-16384M-100M:10-X
                45488896       +18.2%     53785605  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/ext4-10dd-1M-24p-16384M-100M:10-X
                47217534       +12.2%     53001031  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/ext4-1dd-1M-24p-16384M-100M:10-X
                32286924       +25.4%     40492312  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/xfs-10dd-1M-24p-16384M-100M:10-X
                38676965       +14.2%     44177606  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=100M/xfs-1dd-1M-24p-16384M-100M:10-X
                59662173       +11.1%     66269621  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=800M/ext4-10dd-1M-24p-16384M-800M:10-X
                57510438        +2.3%     58855181  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=800M/ext4-1dd-1M-24p-16384M-800M:10-X
                63691922       +64.0%    104460352  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=800M/xfs-100dd-1M-24p-16384M-800M:10-X
                51978567       +16.0%     60298210  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=800M/xfs-10dd-1M-24p-16384M-800M:10-X
                47641062        +6.4%     50681038  JBOD-10HDD-thresh=800M/xfs-1dd-1M-24p-16384M-800M:10-X
[snip]

I forgot to mention one important change that lead to the increased
JBOD performance: the per-bdi background threshold as in the below
patch.

One thing puzzled me is that in JBOD case, the per-disk writeout
performance is smaller than the corresponding single-disk case even
when they have comparable bdi_thresh. So I wrote the attached tracing
patch and find that in single disk case, bdi_writeback is always kept
high while in JBOD case, it could drop low from time to time and
correspondingly bdi_reclaimable could sometimes rush high.

The fix is to watch bdi_reclaimable and kick background writeback as
soon as it goes high. This resembles the global background threshold
but in per-bdi manner. The trick is, as long as bdi_reclaimable does
not go high, bdi_writeback naturally won't go low because
bdi_reclaimable+bdi_writeback ~= bdi_thresh. With enough writeback
pages, good performance is maintained.

Thanks,
Fengguang
---
--- linux-next.orig/fs/fs-writeback.c	2011-09-25 10:08:43.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-next/fs/fs-writeback.c	2011-09-25 15:36:41.000000000 +0800
@@ -678,14 +678,18 @@ long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writ
 	return nr_pages - work.nr_pages;
 }
 
-static inline bool over_bground_thresh(void)
+static bool over_bground_thresh(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 {
 	unsigned long background_thresh, dirty_thresh;
 
 	global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
 
-	return (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
-		global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh);
+	if (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
+	    global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh)
+		return true;
+
+	return bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE) >
+				bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, background_thresh);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -747,7 +751,7 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writ
 		 * For background writeout, stop when we are below the
 		 * background dirty threshold
 		 */
-		if (work->for_background && !over_bground_thresh())
+		if (work->for_background && !over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi))
 			break;
 
 		if (work->for_kupdate) {
@@ -831,7 +835,7 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_dirty_pages(
 
 static long wb_check_background_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
 {
-	if (over_bground_thresh()) {
+	if (over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi)) {
 
 		struct wb_writeback_work work = {
 			.nr_pages	= LONG_MAX,

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