Re: [PATCH V2 0/1] ubd: add io_uring based userspace block driver

On Tue, May 17, 2022 at 01:53:57PM +0800, Ming Lei wrote:

Hello Guys,

ubd driver is one kernel driver for implementing generic userspace block
device/driver, which delivers io request from ubd block device(/dev/ubdbN) into
ubd server[1] which is the userspace part of ubd for communicating
with ubd driver and handling specific io logic by its target module.

Another thing ubd driver handles is to copy data between user space buffer
and request/bio's pages, or take zero copy if mm is ready for support it in
future. ubd driver doesn't handle any IO logic of the specific driver, so
it is small/simple, and all io logics are done by the target code in ubdserver.

The above two are main jobs done by ubd driver.

Hi, Lei

Your UBD implementation looks great. Its io_uring based design is interesting
and brilliant.
Towards the purpose of userspace block device, last year,
VDUSE initialized by Yongji is going to do a similar work. But VDUSE is under
vdpa. VDUSE will present a virtio-blk device to other userspace process
like containers, while serving virtio-blk req also by an userspace target.
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/iommu/2021-June/056956.html 

I've been working and thinking on serving RUNC container by SPDK efficiently.
But this work requires a new proper userspace block device module in kernel.
The highlevel design idea for userspace block device implementations
should be that: Using ring for IO request, so client and target can exchange
req/resp quickly in batch; Map bounce buffer between kernel and userspace
target, so another extra IO data copy like NBD can be avoid. (Oh, yes, SPDK
needs this kernel module has some more minor functions)

UBD and VDUSE are both implemented in this way, while of course each of
them has specific features and advantages.

Not like UBD which is straightforward and starts from scratch, VDUSE is
embedded in virtio framework. So its implementation is more complicated, but
all virtio frontend utilities can be leveraged.
When considering security/permission issues, feels UBD would be easier to
solve them.

So my questions are:
1. what do you think about the purpose overlap between UBD and VDUSE?
2. Could UBD be implemented with SPDK friendly functionalities? (mainly about
io data mapping, since HW devices in SPDK need to access the mapped data
buffer. Then, in function ubdsrv.c/ubdsrv_init_io_bufs(),
"addr = mmap(,,,,dev->cdev_fd,)", SPDK needs to know the PA of "addr".
Also memory pointed by "addr" should be pinned all the time.)

Thanks
Xiaodong

ubd driver can help to move IO logic into userspace, in which the
development work is easier/more effective than doing in kernel, such as,
ubd-loop takes < 200 lines of loop specific code to get basically same 
function with kernel loop block driver, meantime the performance is
still good. ubdsrv[1] provide built-in test for comparing both by running
"make test T=loop".

Another example is high performance qcow2 support[2], which could be built with
ubd framework more easily than doing it inside kernel.

Also there are more people who express interests on userspace block driver[3],
Gabriel Krisman Bertazi proposes this topic in lsf/mm/ebpf 2022 and mentioned
requirement from Google. Ziyang Zhang from Alibaba said they "plan to
replace TCMU by UBD as a new choice" because UBD can get better throughput than
TCMU even with single queue[4], meantime UBD is simple. Also there is userspace
storage service for providing storage to containers.

It is io_uring based: io request is delivered to userspace via new added
io_uring command which has been proved as very efficient for making nvme
passthrough IO to get better IOPS than io_uring(READ/WRITE). Meantime one
shared/mmap buffer is used for sharing io descriptor to userspace, the
buffer is readonly for userspace, each IO just takes 24bytes so far.
It is suggested to use io_uring in userspace(target part of ubd server)
to handle IO request too. And it is still easy for ubdserver to support
io handling by non-io_uring, and this work isn't done yet, but can be
supported easily with help o eventfd.

This way is efficient since no extra io command copy is required, no sleep
is needed in transferring io command to userspace. Meantime the communication
protocol is simple and efficient, one single command of
UBD_IO_COMMIT_AND_FETCH_REQ can handle both fetching io request desc and commit
command result in one trip. IO handling is often batched after single
io_uring_enter() returns, both IO requests from ubd server target and
IO commands could be handled as a whole batch.

Remove RFC now because ubd driver codes gets lots of cleanup, enhancement and
bug fixes since V1:

- cleanup uapi: remove ubd specific error code,  switch to linux error code,
remove one command op, remove one field from cmd_desc

- add monitor mechanism to handle ubq_daemon being killed, ubdsrv[1]
  includes builtin tests for covering heavy IO with deleting ubd / killing
  ubq_daemon at the same time, and V2 pass all the two tests(make test T=generic),
  and the abort/stop mechanism is simple

- fix MQ command buffer mmap bug, and now 'xfstetests -g auto' works well on
  MQ ubd-loop devices(test/scratch)

- improve batching submission as suggested by Jens

- improve handling for starting device, replace random wait/poll with
completion

- all kinds of cleanup, bug fix,..

And the patch by patch change since V1 can be found in the following
tree:

https://github.com/ming1/linux/commits/my_for-5.18-ubd-devel_v2

Todo:
	- add lazy user page release for avoiding cost of pinning user pages in
	ubd_copy_pages() most of time, so we can save CPU for handling io logic
	in userpsace


[1] ubd server
https://github.com/ming1/ubdsrv/commits/devel-v2

[2] qcow2 kernel driver attempt
https://www.spinics.net/lists/kernel/msg4292965.html
https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-block/cover/20190823225619.15530-1-development@manuel-bentele.de/#22841183

[3] [LSF/MM/BPF TOPIC] block drivers in user space
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/87tucsf0sr.fsf@collabora.com/ (local)

[4] Follow up on UBD discussion
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/YnsW+utCrosF0lvm@T590/#r (local)

Ming Lei (1):
  ubd: add io_uring based userspace block driver

 drivers/block/Kconfig        |    6 +
 drivers/block/Makefile       |    2 +
 drivers/block/ubd_drv.c      | 1444 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/uapi/linux/ubd_cmd.h |  158 ++++
 4 files changed, 1610 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 drivers/block/ubd_drv.c
 create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/ubd_cmd.h

-- 
2.31.1