This change adds build system support for Clang's Link Time
Optimization (LTO). With -flto, instead of ELF object files, Clang
produces LLVM bitcode, which is compiled into native code at link
time, allowing the final binary to be optimized globally. For more
details, see:

  https://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html

The Kconfig option CONFIG_LTO_CLANG is implemented as a choice,
which defaults to LTO being disabled. To use LTO, the architecture
must select ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG and support:

  - compiling with Clang,
  - compiling inline assembly with Clang's integrated assembler,
  - and linking with LLD.

While using full LTO results in the best runtime performance, the
compilation is not scalable in time or memory. CONFIG_THINLTO
enables ThinLTO, which allows parallel optimization and faster
incremental builds. ThinLTO is used by default if the architecture
also selects ARCH_SUPPORTS_THINLTO:

  https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThinLTO.html

To enable LTO, LLVM tools must be used to handle bitcode files. The
easiest way is to pass the LLVM=1 option to make:

  $ make LLVM=1 defconfig
  $ scripts/config -e LTO_CLANG
  $ make LLVM=1

Alternatively, at least the following LLVM tools must be used:

  CC=clang LD=ld.lld AR=llvm-ar NM=llvm-nm

To prepare for LTO support with other compilers, common parts are
gated behind the CONFIG_LTO option, and LTO can be disabled for
specific files by filtering out CC_FLAGS_LTO.

Note that support for DYNAMIC_FTRACE and MODVERSIONS are added in
follow-up patches.

Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
---
 Makefile                          | 18 +++++++-
 arch/Kconfig                      | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 11 +++--
 scripts/Makefile.build            |  9 +++-
 scripts/Makefile.modfinal         |  9 +++-
 scripts/Makefile.modpost          | 24 ++++++++++-
 scripts/link-vmlinux.sh           | 32 +++++++++++----
 7 files changed, 154 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a9dae26c93b5..dd49eaea7c25 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile

@@ -909,6 +909,22 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS      += $(CC_FLAGS_SCS)
 export CC_FLAGS_SCS
 endif

+ifdef CONFIG_LTO_CLANG
+ifdef CONFIG_THINLTO
+CC_FLAGS_LTO_CLANG := -flto=thin -fsplit-lto-unit
+KBUILD_LDFLAGS += --thinlto-cache-dir=.thinlto-cache
+else
+CC_FLAGS_LTO_CLANG := -flto
+endif
+CC_FLAGS_LTO_CLANG += -fvisibility=default
+endif
+
+ifdef CONFIG_LTO
+CC_FLAGS_LTO   := $(CC_FLAGS_LTO_CLANG)