When confronted with a mixture of CPUs, some of which support 32-bit
applications and others which don't, we quite sensibly treat the system
as 64-bit only for userspace and prevent execve() of 32-bit binaries.

Unfortunately, some crazy folks have decided to build systems like this
with the intention of running 32-bit applications, so relax our
sanitisation logic to continue to advertise 32-bit support to userspace
on these systems and track the real 32-bit capable cores in a cpumask
instead. For now, the default behaviour remains but will be tied to
a command-line option in a later patch.

Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
---
 arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h |   8 +-
 arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c      | 114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps            |   3 +-
 3 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
index 338840c00e8e..603bf4160cd6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h

@@ -630,9 +630,15 @@ static inline bool cpu_supports_mixed_endian_el0(void)
 	return id_aa64mmfr0_mixed_endian_el0(read_cpuid(ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1));
 }
 
+const struct cpumask *system_32bit_el0_cpumask(void);
+DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(arm64_mismatched_32bit_el0);
+
 static inline bool system_supports_32bit_el0(void)
 {
-	return cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HAS_32BIT_EL0);
+	u64 pfr0 = read_sanitised_ftr_reg(SYS_ID_AA64PFR0_EL1);
+
+	return static_branch_unlikely(&arm64_mismatched_32bit_el0) ||
+	       id_aa64pfr0_32bit_el0(pfr0);
 }

 static inline bool system_supports_4kb_granule(void)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
index a4db25cd7122..4194a47de62d 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c

@@ -107,6 +107,24 @@ DECLARE_BITMAP(boot_capabilities, ARM64_NPATCHABLE);
 bool arm64_use_ng_mappings = false;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm64_use_ng_mappings);
 
+/*
+ * Permit PER_LINUX32 and execve() of 32-bit binaries even if not all CPUs
+ * support it?
+ */
+static bool __read_mostly allow_mismatched_32bit_el0;
+
+/*
+ * Static branch enabled only if allow_mismatched_32bit_el0 is set and we have
+ * seen at least one CPU capable of 32-bit EL0.
+ */
+DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(arm64_mismatched_32bit_el0);
+
+/*
+ * Mask of CPUs supporting 32-bit EL0.
+ * Only valid if arm64_mismatched_32bit_el0 is enabled.
+ */
+static cpumask_var_t cpu_32bit_el0_mask __cpumask_var_read_mostly;
+
 /*
  * Flag to indicate if we have computed the system wide
  * capabilities based on the boot time active CPUs. This

@@ -767,7 +785,7 @@ static void __init sort_ftr_regs(void)
  * Any bits that are not covered by an arm64_ftr_bits entry are considered
  * RES0 for the system-wide value, and must strictly match.
  */
-static void __init init_cpu_ftr_reg(u32 sys_reg, u64 new)
+static void init_cpu_ftr_reg(u32 sys_reg, u64 new)
 {
 	u64 val = 0;
 	u64 strict_mask = ~0x0ULL;

@@ -863,7 +881,7 @@ static void __init init_cpu_hwcaps_indirect_list(void)
 
 static void __init setup_boot_cpu_capabilities(void);
 
-static void __init init_32bit_cpu_features(struct cpuinfo_32bit *info)
+static void init_32bit_cpu_features(struct cpuinfo_32bit *info)
 {
 	init_cpu_ftr_reg(SYS_ID_DFR0_EL1, info->reg_id_dfr0);
 	init_cpu_ftr_reg(SYS_ID_DFR1_EL1, info->reg_id_dfr1);

@@ -979,6 +997,22 @@ static void relax_cpu_ftr_reg(u32 sys_id, int field)
 	WARN_ON(!ftrp->width);
 }
 
+static void update_mismatched_32bit_el0_cpu_features(struct cpuinfo_arm64 *info,
+						     struct cpuinfo_arm64 *boot)

+
 static int update_32bit_cpu_features(int cpu, struct cpuinfo_32bit *info,
 				     struct cpuinfo_32bit *boot)
 {

@@ -1139,6 +1173,7 @@ void update_cpu_features(int cpu,
 	 * (e.g. SYS_ID_AA64PFR0_EL1), so we call it last.
 	 */
 	if (id_aa64pfr0_32bit_el0(info->reg_id_aa64pfr0)) {
+		update_mismatched_32bit_el0_cpu_features(info, boot);
 		taint |= update_32bit_cpu_features(cpu, &info->aarch32,
 						   &boot->aarch32);
 	}

@@ -1251,6 +1286,28 @@ has_cpuid_feature(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *entry, int scope)
 	return feature_matches(val, entry);
 }
 
+const struct cpumask *system_32bit_el0_cpumask(void)
+{
+	if (!system_supports_32bit_el0())
+		return cpu_none_mask;
+
+	if (static_branch_unlikely(&arm64_mismatched_32bit_el0))
+		return cpu_32bit_el0_mask;
+
+	return cpu_possible_mask;
+}
+
+static bool has_32bit_el0(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *entry, int scope)
+{
+	if (!has_cpuid_feature(entry, scope))
+		return allow_mismatched_32bit_el0;
+
+	if (scope == SCOPE_SYSTEM)
+		pr_info("detected: 32-bit EL0 Support\n");
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static bool has_useable_gicv3_cpuif(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *entry, int scope)
 {
 	bool has_sre;

@@ -1869,10 +1926,9 @@ static const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities arm64_features[] = {
 		.cpu_enable = cpu_copy_el2regs,
 	},
 	{
-		.desc = "32-bit EL0 Support",
-		.capability = ARM64_HAS_32BIT_EL0,
+		.capability = ARM64_HAS_32BIT_EL0_DO_NOT_USE,
 		.type = ARM64_CPUCAP_SYSTEM_FEATURE,
-		.matches = has_cpuid_feature,
+		.matches = has_32bit_el0,
 		.sys_reg = SYS_ID_AA64PFR0_EL1,
 		.sign = FTR_UNSIGNED,
 		.field_pos = ID_AA64PFR0_EL0_SHIFT,

@@ -2381,7 +2437,7 @@ static const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities compat_elf_hwcaps[] = {
 	{},
 };
 
-static void __init cap_set_elf_hwcap(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *cap)
+static void cap_set_elf_hwcap(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *cap)
 {
 	switch (cap->hwcap_type) {
 	case CAP_HWCAP:

@@ -2426,7 +2482,7 @@ static bool cpus_have_elf_hwcap(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *cap)
 	return rc;
 }
 
-static void __init setup_elf_hwcaps(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *hwcaps)
+static void setup_elf_hwcaps(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *hwcaps)
 {
 	/* We support emulation of accesses to CPU ID feature registers */
 	cpu_set_named_feature(CPUID);

@@ -2601,7 +2657,7 @@ static void check_early_cpu_features(void)
 }
 
 static void
-verify_local_elf_hwcaps(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps)
+__verify_local_elf_hwcaps(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps)
 {
 
 	for (; caps->matches; caps++)

@@ -2612,6 +2668,14 @@ verify_local_elf_hwcaps(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps)
 		}
 }
 
+static void verify_local_elf_hwcaps(void)
+{
+	__verify_local_elf_hwcaps(arm64_elf_hwcaps);
+
+	if (id_aa64pfr0_32bit_el0(read_cpuid(ID_AA64PFR0_EL1)))
+		__verify_local_elf_hwcaps(compat_elf_hwcaps);
+}
+
 static void verify_sve_features(void)
 {
 	u64 safe_zcr = read_sanitised_ftr_reg(SYS_ZCR_EL1);

@@ -2676,11 +2740,7 @@ static void verify_local_cpu_capabilities(void)
 	 * on all secondary CPUs.
 	 */
 	verify_local_cpu_caps(SCOPE_ALL & ~SCOPE_BOOT_CPU);
-
-	verify_local_elf_hwcaps(arm64_elf_hwcaps);
-
-	if (system_supports_32bit_el0())
-		verify_local_elf_hwcaps(compat_elf_hwcaps);
+	verify_local_elf_hwcaps();
 
 	if (system_supports_sve())
 		verify_sve_features();

@@ -2815,6 +2875,34 @@ void __init setup_cpu_features(void)
 			ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN);
 }
 
+static int enable_mismatched_32bit_el0(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	struct cpuinfo_arm64 *info = &per_cpu(cpu_data, cpu);
+	bool cpu_32bit = id_aa64pfr0_32bit_el0(info->reg_id_aa64pfr0);
+
+	if (cpu_32bit) {
+		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, cpu_32bit_el0_mask);
+		static_branch_enable_cpuslocked(&arm64_mismatched_32bit_el0);
+		setup_elf_hwcaps(compat_elf_hwcaps);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init init_32bit_el0_mask(void)
+{
+	if (!allow_mismatched_32bit_el0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&cpu_32bit_el0_mask, GFP_KERNEL))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN,
+				 "arm64/mismatched_32bit_el0:online",
+				 enable_mismatched_32bit_el0, NULL);
+}

+subsys_initcall_sync(init_32bit_el0_mask);
+
 static void __maybe_unused cpu_enable_cnp(struct arm64_cpu_capabilities const *cap)
 {
 	cpu_replace_ttbr1(lm_alias(swapper_pg_dir));

diff --git a/arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps b/arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps
index 21fbdda7086e..49305c2e6dfd 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps
+++ b/arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 # Internal CPU capabilities constants, keep this list sorted
 
 BTI
-HAS_32BIT_EL0
+# Unreliable: use system_supports_32bit_el0() instead.
+HAS_32BIT_EL0_DO_NOT_USE
 HAS_32BIT_EL1
 HAS_ADDRESS_AUTH
 HAS_ADDRESS_AUTH_ARCH

-- 
2.32.0.rc0.204.g9fa02ecfa5-goog