On Tue, Jun 30, 2026 at 10:20 AM John Ericson [off-list ref] wrote:

Christian, how would you feel about a variant of nullfs that fails all
operations instead of acting as if it were empty?  (I'm far from
convinced that this would actually be better, but it at least seems
pretty straightforwardly possible.  And obviously the
nullfs-at-the-root-of-everything would not want this variant.)

My reasoning for being a bit of a weenie on that behavior is just that I
think "fail fast" is good. A lot of userspace programs crawl the file
space pretty willy-nilly (e.g. they are doing some caching thing, or
they are looking for something, etc.). I suspect the nullfs approach is
going to result in more "red herring" error messages and google searches
about "why can't I write to the working directory, not even as root"
etc. I just think "no directory" vs "immutable empty directory" sends a
clearer message to userspace, and will align mental models more rapidly.

This is the difference between a greenfield project and working with
existing designs.

If I were designing an OS and its entire API from scratch, then, sure,
the cwd and the root directory would just be well-known items in a
capability table, and they could be absent.

Linux's implementation and its API are not greenfield projects,
though, and it seems pretty silly to try to make this change.

--Andy