[PATCH 3/5] xdiff: use size_t for buffer sizes

An mmfile_t stores its size as a signed long, but the more natural type
for a buffer size is size_t. This not only limits the size of entry we
can hold, but also creates some possible integer overflow issues.

For example, read_mmfile() checks that the file size fits in a size_t
before allocating, but then assigns it to a long. Likewise,
read_mmblob() and fill_mmfile() copy sizes from other types without
checking that they fit.

On LP64 systems like Linux, this is mostly academic. You could wrap to a
negative long value, but you'd need an object that's 2^63 bytes, which
is impractical.

But on an LLP64 system like Windows, a 2^31+1-byte blob could perhaps
cause mischief. We do prevent large values from entering the xdiff code
due to MAX_XDIFF_SIZE (which is itself marked as unsigned, so we'd
convert any negative "long" back to a large unsigned value). But if you
ask for binary diffs, that negative long value could instead be
converted to a huge 64-bit size_t when passed to memcmp(), diff_delta(),
etc. So probably there are paths that can cause an out-of-bounds read,
given the right set of options, but I didn't really dig for them.

On a 32-bit system things are less clear. Because "long" and "size_t"
have the same width, any time we implicitly convert to size_t, we should
get back the original size (even if the intermediate "long" is itself
negative). Probably iterating using a long could be a problem, but most
of that happens inside xdiff, which is protected by MAX_XDIFF_SIZE
(which, again, compares in the unsigned space).

Let's just use the obvious size_t type for counting the bytes. I suspect
you could still find truncation problems on LLP64 systems due to the use
of "unsigned long" throughout the code, but that's a larger problem.
This should at least nudge us in the right direction.

Note that we have to update the printf format in emit_binary_diff_body()
to accommodate the new type. Curiously it was using "%lu", even though
the type was signed (I guess compiler printf-linting is happy enough if
just the width of the format and the type match).

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <redacted>
---
 diff.c        | 2 +-
 xdiff/xdiff.h | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index 414532d09f..b4ac17f8ef 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c

@@ -3646,7 +3646,7 @@ static void emit_binary_diff_body(struct diff_options *o,
 		data = delta;
 		data_size = delta_size;
 	} else {
-		char *s = xstrfmt("%lu", two->size);
+		char *s = xstrfmt("%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)two->size);
 		emit_diff_symbol(o, DIFF_SYMBOL_BINARY_DIFF_HEADER_LITERAL,
 				 s, strlen(s), 0);
 		free(s);

diff --git a/xdiff/xdiff.h b/xdiff/xdiff.h
index 334eb436f6..8fa513fc4e 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiff.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiff.h

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 typedef struct s_mmfile {
 	char *ptr;
-	long size;
+	size_t size;
 } mmfile_t;
 
 typedef struct s_xpparam {

-- 
2.56.0.325.g545d7e68bc