@@ -1311,11 +1311,23 @@ static int handle_file(struct merge_options *o,
 
 	add = filespec_from_entry(&other, dst_entry, stage ^ 1);
 	if (add) {
+		int ren_src_was_dirty = was_dirty(o, rename->path);
 		char *add_name = unique_path(o, rename->path, other_branch);
 		if (update_file(o, 0, &add->oid, add->mode, add_name))
 			return -1;
 
-		remove_file(o, 0, rename->path, 0);
+		if (ren_src_was_dirty) {
+			output(o, 1, _("Refusing to lose dirty file at %s"),
+			       rename->path);
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Stupid double negatives in remove_file; it somehow manages
+		 * to repeatedly mess me up.  So, just for myself:
+		 *    1) update_wd iff !ren_src_was_dirty.
+		 *    2) no_wd iff !update_wd
+		 *    3) so, no_wd == !!ren_src_was_dirty == ren_src_was_dirty
+		 */
+		remove_file(o, 0, rename->path, ren_src_was_dirty);
 		dst_name = unique_path(o, rename->path, cur_branch);
 	} else {
 		if (dir_in_way(rename->path, !o->call_depth, 0)) {

@@ -1453,7 +1465,10 @@ static int conflict_rename_rename_2to1(struct merge_options *o,
 		char *new_path2 = unique_path(o, path, ci->branch2);
 		output(o, 1, _("Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"),
 		       a->path, new_path1, b->path, new_path2);
-		if (would_lose_untracked(path))
+		if (was_dirty(o, path))
+			output(o, 1, _("Refusing to lose dirty file at %s"),
+			       path);
+		else if (would_lose_untracked(path))
 			/*
 			 * Only way we get here is if both renames were from
 			 * a directory rename AND user had an untracked file

@@ -2039,6 +2054,7 @@ static void apply_directory_rename_modifications(struct merge_options *o,
 {
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	int stage = (tree == a_tree ? 2 : 3);
+	int update_wd;
 
 	/*
 	 * In all cases where we can do directory rename detection,

@@ -2049,7 +2065,11 @@ static void apply_directory_rename_modifications(struct merge_options *o,
 	 * saying the file would have been overwritten), but it might
 	 * be dirty, though.
 	 */
-	remove_file(o, 1, pair->two->path, 0 /* no_wd */);
+	update_wd = !was_dirty(o, pair->two->path);
+	if (!update_wd)
+		output(o, 1, _("Refusing to lose dirty file at %s"),
+		       pair->two->path);
+	remove_file(o, 1, pair->two->path, !update_wd);
 
 	/* Find or create a new re->dst_entry */
 	item = string_list_lookup(entries, new_path);

@@ -3222,7 +3222,7 @@ test_expect_success '11b-setup: Avoid losing dirty file involved in directory re
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '11b-check: Avoid losing dirty file involved in directory rename' '
+test_expect_success '11b-check: Avoid losing dirty file involved in directory rename' '
 	(
 		cd 11b &&
 

@@ -3356,7 +3356,7 @@ test_expect_success '11d-setup: Avoid losing not-uptodate with rename + D/F conf
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '11d-check: Avoid losing not-uptodate with rename + D/F conflict' '
+test_expect_success '11d-check: Avoid losing not-uptodate with rename + D/F conflict' '
 	(
 		cd 11d &&
 

@@ -3430,7 +3430,7 @@ test_expect_success '11e-setup: Avoid deleting not-uptodate with dir rename/rena
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '11e-check: Avoid deleting not-uptodate with dir rename/rename(1to2)/add' '
+test_expect_success '11e-check: Avoid deleting not-uptodate with dir rename/rename(1to2)/add' '
 	(
 		cd 11e &&
 

@@ -3504,7 +3504,7 @@ test_expect_success '11f-setup: Avoid deleting not-uptodate with dir rename/rena
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '11f-check: Avoid deleting not-uptodate with dir rename/rename(2to1)' '
+test_expect_success '11f-check: Avoid deleting not-uptodate with dir rename/rename(2to1)' '
 	(
 		cd 11f &&