Jeff King [off-list ref] writes:
[1] Is there a word to mean the "pluralness" of a noun or verb (similar
to "tense" for a verb).
I've seen "plural vs singular" often mentioned in the context of
subject and verb agreement.
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concord talks about agreement "in gender,
number, person, or case", so "number" may be the word you are
looking for.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number
Surely there is, but I could not think of
it. I wanted to say here that the pluralness of "what" and "are"
does not match (it seems like "what" is a mass noun, which usually
matches a singular verb).