[PATCH bpf-next v3 0/2] bpf, sockmap: disallow sockmap mutation from tc, xdp and flow_dissector

A tc, xdp or flow_dissector program updating or deleting a sockmap
deadlocks on stab->lock vs sk_callback_lock and has no reason to. Patch 1
disallows it in may_update_sockmap(); patch 2 drops the selftests that
exercised it.

v3:
 - drop the broken selftests (Jiayuan Chen)
 - drop the Fixes tag and target bpf-next (Jiayuan Chen)

v2:
 - https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260620034632.2308-1-rhkrqnwk98@gmail.com/

v1:
 - https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260616091153.2966617-1-rhkrqnwk98@gmail.com/

Sechang Lim (2):
  bpf, sockmap: disallow update and delete from tc, xdp and
    flow_dissector
  selftests/bpf: drop tc/xdp/flow_dissector sockmap mutation tests

 kernel/bpf/verifier.c                         |  4 --
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c  | 13 -----
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c  | 52 -------------------
 .../bpf/progs/freplace_cls_redirect.c         | 34 ------------
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_sockmap_update.c | 48 -----------------
 .../bpf/progs/verifier_sockmap_mutate.c       | 10 ++--
 6 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 156 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/freplace_cls_redirect.c
 delete mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sockmap_update.c

-- 
2.43.0

sock_map_update_common() and __sock_map_delete() hold stab->lock and call
sock_map_unref() -> sock_map_del_link(), which takes sk_callback_lock for
write. That gives the order stab->lock -> sk_callback_lock.

The reverse order comes from the SK_SKB stream parser.
sk_psock_strp_data_ready() holds sk_callback_lock for read, and after the
verdict tcp_bpf_strp_read_sock() acks the consumed data inline via
__tcp_cleanup_rbuf(). The ACK goes out egress, where a sched_cls program
deletes from the sockmap and takes stab->lock:

  WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
  ------------------------------------------------------
  syz.9.8824 is trying to acquire lock:
  (&stab->lock){+.-.}-{3:3}, at: __sock_map_delete net/core/sock_map.c:421
  but task is already holding lock:
  (clock-AF_INET){++.-}-{3:3}, at: sk_psock_strp_data_ready net/core/skmsg.c:1173

  -> #1 (clock-AF_INET){++.-}-{3:3}:
         _raw_write_lock_bh
         sock_map_del_link net/core/sock_map.c:167
         sock_map_unref net/core/sock_map.c:184
         sock_map_update_common net/core/sock_map.c:509
         sock_map_update_elem_sys net/core/sock_map.c:588
         map_update_elem kernel/bpf/syscall.c:1805

  -> #0 (&stab->lock){+.-.}-{3:3}:
         _raw_spin_lock_bh
         __sock_map_delete net/core/sock_map.c:421
         sock_map_delete_elem net/core/sock_map.c:452
         bpf_prog_06044d24140080b6
         tcx_run net/core/dev.c:4451
         sch_handle_egress net/core/dev.c:4541
         __dev_queue_xmit net/core/dev.c:4808
         ...
         tcp_bpf_strp_read_sock net/ipv4/tcp_bpf.c:701
         strp_data_ready net/strparser/strparser.c:402
         sk_psock_strp_data_ready net/core/skmsg.c:1174
         tcp_data_queue net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:5661

  Possible unsafe locking scenario:

         CPU0                    CPU1
         ----                    ----
    rlock(clock-AF_INET);
                                 lock(&stab->lock);
                                 lock(clock-AF_INET);
    lock(&stab->lock);

   *** DEADLOCK ***

A tc, xdp or flow_dissector program has no reason to update or delete a
sockmap, and redirect does not go through here. Drop them from
may_update_sockmap() so the verifier rejects it. It also closes the
matching sockhash inversion.

Suggested-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sechang Lim <redacted>
---
 kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 25aea4271cd0..58d766c34626 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c

@@ -8489,11 +8489,7 @@ static bool may_update_sockmap(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int func_id)
 			return true;
 		break;
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER:
-	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS:
-	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT:
-	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP:
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_REUSEPORT:
-	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR:
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP:
 		return true;
 	default:

-- 
2.43.0

    sock_map_update_common() and __sock_map_delete() hold stab->lock and call
    sock_map_unref() -> sock_map_del_link(), which takes sk_callback_lock for
    write. That gives the order stab->lock -> sk_callback_lock.

    The reverse order comes from the SK_SKB stream parser.
    sk_psock_strp_data_ready() holds sk_callback_lock for read, and after the
    verdict tcp_bpf_strp_read_sock() acks the consumed data inline via
    __tcp_cleanup_rbuf(). The ACK goes out egress, where a sched_cls program
    deletes from the sockmap and takes stab->lock:

    A tc, xdp or flow_dissector program has no reason to update or delete a
    sockmap, and redirect does not go through here. Drop them from
    may_update_sockmap() so the verifier rejects it. It also closes the
    matching sockhash inversion.

    Suggested-by: John Fastabend [off-list ref]
    Signed-off-by: Sechang Lim [off-list ref]

This fixes the behaviour added by commit 0126240f448d ("bpf: sockmap: Allow
update from BPF"), which introduced may_update_sockmap() and added the four
BPF_PROG_TYPE_* cases that this change removes.  Should it carry:

  Fixes: 0126240f448d ("bpf: sockmap: Allow update from BPF")


---
AI reviewed your patch. Please fix the bug or email reply why it's not a bug.
See: https://github.com/kernel-patches/vmtest/blob/master/ci/claude/README.md

CI run summary: https://github.com/kernel-patches/bpf/actions/runs/28391303635

On Mon Jun 29, 2026 at 10:27 AM PDT, Sechang Lim wrote:

sock_map_update_common() and __sock_map_delete() hold stab->lock and call
sock_map_unref() -> sock_map_del_link(), which takes sk_callback_lock for
write. That gives the order stab->lock -> sk_callback_lock.

The reverse order comes from the SK_SKB stream parser.
sk_psock_strp_data_ready() holds sk_callback_lock for read, and after the
verdict tcp_bpf_strp_read_sock() acks the consumed data inline via
__tcp_cleanup_rbuf(). The ACK goes out egress, where a sched_cls program
deletes from the sockmap and takes stab->lock:

  WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
  ------------------------------------------------------
  syz.9.8824 is trying to acquire lock:
  (&stab->lock){+.-.}-{3:3}, at: __sock_map_delete net/core/sock_map.c:421
  but task is already holding lock:
  (clock-AF_INET){++.-}-{3:3}, at: sk_psock_strp_data_ready net/core/skmsg.c:1173

  -> #1 (clock-AF_INET){++.-}-{3:3}:
         _raw_write_lock_bh
         sock_map_del_link net/core/sock_map.c:167
         sock_map_unref net/core/sock_map.c:184
         sock_map_update_common net/core/sock_map.c:509
         sock_map_update_elem_sys net/core/sock_map.c:588
         map_update_elem kernel/bpf/syscall.c:1805

  -> #0 (&stab->lock){+.-.}-{3:3}:
         _raw_spin_lock_bh
         __sock_map_delete net/core/sock_map.c:421
         sock_map_delete_elem net/core/sock_map.c:452
         bpf_prog_06044d24140080b6
         tcx_run net/core/dev.c:4451
         sch_handle_egress net/core/dev.c:4541
         __dev_queue_xmit net/core/dev.c:4808
         ...
         tcp_bpf_strp_read_sock net/ipv4/tcp_bpf.c:701
         strp_data_ready net/strparser/strparser.c:402
         sk_psock_strp_data_ready net/core/skmsg.c:1174
         tcp_data_queue net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:5661

  Possible unsafe locking scenario:

         CPU0                    CPU1
         ----                    ----
    rlock(clock-AF_INET);
                                 lock(&stab->lock);
                                 lock(clock-AF_INET);
    lock(&stab->lock);

   *** DEADLOCK ***

A tc, xdp or flow_dissector program has no reason to update or delete a
sockmap, and redirect does not go through here. Drop them from
may_update_sockmap() so the verifier rejects it. It also closes the
matching sockhash inversion.

Suggested-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sechang Lim <redacted>

John,

please ack.

On Mon, Jun 29, 2026 at 11:24:49AM -0700, Alexei Starovoitov wrote:

On Mon Jun 29, 2026 at 10:27 AM PDT, Sechang Lim wrote:

quoted

sock_map_update_common() and __sock_map_delete() hold stab->lock and call
sock_map_unref() -> sock_map_del_link(), which takes sk_callback_lock for
write. That gives the order stab->lock -> sk_callback_lock.

The reverse order comes from the SK_SKB stream parser.
sk_psock_strp_data_ready() holds sk_callback_lock for read, and after the
verdict tcp_bpf_strp_read_sock() acks the consumed data inline via
__tcp_cleanup_rbuf(). The ACK goes out egress, where a sched_cls program
deletes from the sockmap and takes stab->lock:

  WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
  ------------------------------------------------------
  syz.9.8824 is trying to acquire lock:
  (&stab->lock){+.-.}-{3:3}, at: __sock_map_delete net/core/sock_map.c:421
  but task is already holding lock:
  (clock-AF_INET){++.-}-{3:3}, at: sk_psock_strp_data_ready net/core/skmsg.c:1173

  -> #1 (clock-AF_INET){++.-}-{3:3}:
         _raw_write_lock_bh
         sock_map_del_link net/core/sock_map.c:167
         sock_map_unref net/core/sock_map.c:184
         sock_map_update_common net/core/sock_map.c:509
         sock_map_update_elem_sys net/core/sock_map.c:588
         map_update_elem kernel/bpf/syscall.c:1805

  -> #0 (&stab->lock){+.-.}-{3:3}:
         _raw_spin_lock_bh
         __sock_map_delete net/core/sock_map.c:421
         sock_map_delete_elem net/core/sock_map.c:452
         bpf_prog_06044d24140080b6
         tcx_run net/core/dev.c:4451
         sch_handle_egress net/core/dev.c:4541
         __dev_queue_xmit net/core/dev.c:4808
         ...
         tcp_bpf_strp_read_sock net/ipv4/tcp_bpf.c:701
         strp_data_ready net/strparser/strparser.c:402
         sk_psock_strp_data_ready net/core/skmsg.c:1174
         tcp_data_queue net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:5661

  Possible unsafe locking scenario:

         CPU0                    CPU1
         ----                    ----
    rlock(clock-AF_INET);
                                 lock(&stab->lock);
                                 lock(clock-AF_INET);
    lock(&stab->lock);

   *** DEADLOCK ***

A tc, xdp or flow_dissector program has no reason to update or delete a
sockmap, and redirect does not go through here. Drop them from
may_update_sockmap() so the verifier rejects it. It also closes the
matching sockhash inversion.

Suggested-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sechang Lim <redacted>

John,

please ack.

Hi Sechang,

I think we additionally need to also block BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER? 
Did you check this case I guess the same case is possible there?

Then another patch needs to restrict BPF_SOCK_OPS users. For that
we need to block BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB and BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_*.
Let me know if you want to do those as well. Let me know if you want
to do both patches or just the prog blocking above with the possible
addition of SOCKET_FILTER. I didn't search very hard so probably need
to check all the BPF_SOCK_OPS_* to find the valid cases.

Thanks,
John

On Mon, Jun 29, 2026 at 10:47:41PM -0700, John Fastabend wrote:

I think we additionally need to also block 
BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER? Did you check this case I guess the same 
case is possible there?

Yes, same inversion. I'll block BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER in v4.

Then another patch needs to restrict BPF_SOCK_OPS users. For that
we need to block BPF_SOCK_OPS_HDR_OPT_LEN_CB and BPF_SOCK_OPS_WRITE_*.
Let me know if you want to do those as well. Let me know if you want
to do both patches or just the prog blocking above with the possible
addition of SOCKET_FILTER. I didn't search very hard so probably need
to check all the BPF_SOCK_OPS_* to find the valid cases.

Just the prog blocking with BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER added. I'll
leave SOCK_OPS out of this series.

Bests,
Sechang

tc, xdp and flow_dissector programs can no longer update or delete a
sockmap. Adjust the tests:

 - verifier_sockmap_mutate: the tc, xdp and flow_dissector cases now
   expect __failure with "cannot update sockmap in this context".
 - sockmap_basic: drop "sockmap update" / "sockhash update", which load
   a SEC("tc") program that copies a sock between maps.
 - fexit_bpf2bpf: drop "func_sockmap_update", whose freplace program
   updates a sockmap in the tc cls_redirect context.

Remove the now-unused test_sockmap_update.c and freplace_cls_redirect.c.

Signed-off-by: Sechang Lim <redacted>
---
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c  | 13 -----
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c  | 52 -------------------
 .../bpf/progs/freplace_cls_redirect.c         | 34 ------------
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_sockmap_update.c | 48 -----------------
 .../bpf/progs/verifier_sockmap_mutate.c       | 10 ++--
 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 152 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/freplace_cls_redirect.c
 delete mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sockmap_update.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
index 92c20803ea76..d3a954158c33 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c

@@ -336,17 +336,6 @@ static void test_fmod_ret_freplace(void)
 }
 
 
-static void test_func_sockmap_update(void)
-{
-	const char *prog_name[] = {
-		"freplace/cls_redirect",
-	};
-	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./freplace_cls_redirect.bpf.o",
-				  "./test_cls_redirect.bpf.o",
-				  ARRAY_SIZE(prog_name),
-				  prog_name, false, NULL);
-}
-
 static void test_func_replace_void(void)
 {
 	const char *prog_name[] = {

@@ -599,8 +588,6 @@ void serial_test_fexit_bpf2bpf(void)
 		test_func_replace();
 	if (test__start_subtest("func_replace_verify"))
 		test_func_replace_verify();
-	if (test__start_subtest("func_sockmap_update"))
-		test_func_sockmap_update();
 	if (test__start_subtest("func_replace_return_code"))
 		test_func_replace_return_code();
 	if (test__start_subtest("func_map_prog_compatibility"))

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c
index cb3229711f93..33f788e2786d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 #include "test_progs.h"
 #include "test_skmsg_load_helpers.skel.h"
-#include "test_sockmap_update.skel.h"
 #include "test_sockmap_invalid_update.skel.h"
 #include "test_sockmap_skb_verdict_attach.skel.h"
 #include "test_sockmap_progs_query.skel.h"

@@ -235,53 +234,6 @@ static void test_skmsg_helpers_with_link(enum bpf_map_type map_type)
 	test_skmsg_load_helpers__destroy(skel);
 }
 
-static void test_sockmap_update(enum bpf_map_type map_type)
-{
-	int err, prog, src;
-	struct test_sockmap_update *skel;
-	struct bpf_map *dst_map;
-	const __u32 zero = 0;
-	char dummy[14] = {0};
-	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, topts,
-		.data_in = dummy,
-		.data_size_in = sizeof(dummy),
-		.repeat = 1,
-	);
-	__s64 sk;
-
-	sk = connected_socket_v4();
-	if (!ASSERT_NEQ(sk, -1, "connected_socket_v4"))
-		return;
-
-	skel = test_sockmap_update__open_and_load();
-	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "open_and_load"))
-		goto close_sk;
-
-	prog = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.copy_sock_map);
-	src = bpf_map__fd(skel->maps.src);
-	if (map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP)
-		dst_map = skel->maps.dst_sock_map;
-	else
-		dst_map = skel->maps.dst_sock_hash;
-
-	err = bpf_map_update_elem(src, &zero, &sk, BPF_NOEXIST);
-	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "update_elem(src)"))
-		goto out;
-
-	err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(prog, &topts);
-	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "test_run"))
-		goto out;
-	if (!ASSERT_NEQ(topts.retval, 0, "test_run retval"))
-		goto out;
-
-	compare_cookies(skel->maps.src, dst_map);
-
-out:
-	test_sockmap_update__destroy(skel);
-close_sk:
-	close(sk);
-}
-
 static void test_sockmap_invalid_update(void)
 {
 	struct test_sockmap_invalid_update *skel;

@@ -1385,10 +1337,6 @@ void test_sockmap_basic(void)
 		test_skmsg_helpers(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP);
 	if (test__start_subtest("sockhash sk_msg load helpers"))
 		test_skmsg_helpers(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH);
-	if (test__start_subtest("sockmap update"))
-		test_sockmap_update(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP);
-	if (test__start_subtest("sockhash update"))
-		test_sockmap_update(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH);
 	if (test__start_subtest("sockmap update in unsafe context"))
 		test_sockmap_invalid_update();
 	if (test__start_subtest("sockmap copy"))

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/freplace_cls_redirect.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/freplace_cls_redirect.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e94412d47a5..000000000000
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/freplace_cls_redirect.c
+++ /dev/null

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-// Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook
-
-#include <linux/stddef.h>
-#include <linux/bpf.h>
-#include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
-#include <bpf/bpf_endian.h>
-#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
-
-struct {
-	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP);
-	__type(key, int);
-	__type(value, int);
-	__uint(max_entries, 2);
-} sock_map SEC(".maps");
-
-SEC("freplace/cls_redirect")
-int freplace_cls_redirect_test(struct __sk_buff *skb)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-	const int zero = 0;
-	struct bpf_sock *sk;
-
-	sk = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&sock_map, &zero);
-	if (!sk)
-		return TC_ACT_SHOT;
-
-	ret = bpf_map_update_elem(&sock_map, &zero, sk, 0);
-	bpf_sk_release(sk);
-
-	return ret == 0 ? TC_ACT_OK : TC_ACT_SHOT;
-}
-
-char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sockmap_update.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sockmap_update.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d64ea536e3d..000000000000
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sockmap_update.c
+++ /dev/null

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-// Copyright (c) 2020 Cloudflare
-#include "vmlinux.h"
-#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
-
-struct {
-	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP);
-	__uint(max_entries, 1);
-	__type(key, __u32);
-	__type(value, __u64);
-} src SEC(".maps");
-
-struct {
-	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP);
-	__uint(max_entries, 1);
-	__type(key, __u32);
-	__type(value, __u64);
-} dst_sock_map SEC(".maps");
-
-struct {
-	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH);
-	__uint(max_entries, 1);
-	__type(key, __u32);
-	__type(value, __u64);
-} dst_sock_hash SEC(".maps");
-
-SEC("tc")
-int copy_sock_map(void *ctx)
-{
-	struct bpf_sock *sk;
-	bool failed = false;
-	__u32 key = 0;
-
-	sk = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&src, &key);
-	if (!sk)
-		return SK_DROP;
-
-	if (bpf_map_update_elem(&dst_sock_map, &key, sk, 0))
-		failed = true;
-
-	if (bpf_map_update_elem(&dst_sock_hash, &key, sk, 0))
-		failed = true;
-
-	bpf_sk_release(sk);
-	return failed ? SK_DROP : SK_PASS;
-}
-
-char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_sockmap_mutate.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_sockmap_mutate.c
index fe4b123187b8..b11026123690 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_sockmap_mutate.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_sockmap_mutate.c

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static __always_inline void test_sockmap_lookup_and_mutate(void)
 }
 
 SEC("action")
-__success
+__failure __msg("cannot update sockmap in this context")
 int test_sched_act(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 {
 	test_sockmap_mutate(skb->sk);

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ int test_sched_act(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 }
 
 SEC("classifier")
-__success
+__failure __msg("cannot update sockmap in this context")
 int test_sched_cls(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 {
 	test_sockmap_mutate(skb->sk);

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ int test_sched_cls(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 }
 
 SEC("flow_dissector")
-__success
+__failure __msg("cannot update sockmap in this context")
 int test_flow_dissector_delete(struct __sk_buff *skb __always_unused)
 {
 	test_sockmap_delete();

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ int test_flow_dissector_delete(struct __sk_buff *skb __always_unused)
 }
 
 SEC("flow_dissector")
-__failure __msg("program of this type cannot use helper bpf_sk_release")
+__failure __msg("cannot update sockmap in this context")
 int test_flow_dissector_update(struct __sk_buff *skb __always_unused)
 {
 	test_sockmap_lookup_and_update(); /* no access to skb->sk */

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ int test_sockops_update_dedicated(struct bpf_sock_ops *ctx)
 }
 
 SEC("xdp")
-__success
+__failure __msg("cannot update sockmap in this context")
 int test_xdp(struct xdp_md *ctx __always_unused)
 {
 	test_sockmap_lookup_and_mutate();

-- 
2.43.0