[PATCH v7 00/11] complete deferred page initialization

STALE3295d

Revision v7 of 7 in this series.

19 messages, 3 authors, 2017-08-30 · open the first message on its own page

[PATCH v7 00/11] complete deferred page initialization

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:03:53

Changelog:
v7 - v6
- Addressed comments from Michal Hocko
- memblock_discard() patch was removed from this series and integrated
  separately
- Fixed bug reported by kbuild test robot new patch:
  mm: zero reserved and unavailable struct pages
- Removed patch
  x86/mm: reserve only exiting low pages
  As, it is not needed anymore, because of the previous fix
- Re-wrote deferred_init_memmap(), found and fixed an existing bug, where
  page variable is not reset when zone holes present.
- Merged several patches together per Michal request
- Added performance data including raw logs

v6 - v5
- Fixed ARM64 + kasan code, as reported by Ard Biesheuvel
- Tested ARM64 code in qemu and found few more issues, that I fixed in this
  iteration
- Added page roundup/rounddown to x86 and arm zeroing routines to zero the
  whole allocated range, instead of only provided address range.
- Addressed SPARC related comment from Sam Ravnborg
- Fixed section mismatch warnings related to memblock_discard().

v5 - v4
- Fixed build issues reported by kbuild on various configurations

v4 - v3
- Rewrote code to zero sturct pages in __init_single_page() as
  suggested by Michal Hocko
- Added code to handle issues related to accessing struct page
  memory before they are initialized.

v3 - v2
- Addressed David Miller comments about one change per patch:
    * Splited changes to platforms into 4 patches
    * Made "do not zero vmemmap_buf" as a separate patch

v2 - v1
- Per request, added s390 to deferred "struct page" zeroing
- Collected performance data on x86 which proofs the importance to
  keep memset() as prefetch (see below).

SMP machines can benefit from the DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT config option,
which defers initializing struct pages until all cpus have been started so
it can be done in parallel.

However, this feature is sub-optimal, because the deferred page
initialization code expects that the struct pages have already been zeroed,
and the zeroing is done early in boot with a single thread only.  Also, we
access that memory and set flags before struct pages are initialized. All
of this is fixed in this patchset.

In this work we do the following:
- Never read access struct page until it was initialized
- Never set any fields in struct pages before they are initialized
- Zero struct page at the beginning of struct page initialization


==========================================================================
Performance improvements on x86 machine with 8 nodes:
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-8895 v3 @ 2.60GHz and 1T of memory:
                        TIME          SPEED UP
base no deferred:       95.796233s
fix no deferred:        79.978956s    19.77%

base deferred:          77.254713s
fix deferred:           55.050509s    40.34%
==========================================================================
SPARC M6 3600 MHz with 15T of memory
                        TIME          SPEED UP
base no deferred:       358.335727s
fix no deferred:        302.320936s   18.52%

base deferred:          237.534603s
fix deferred:           182.103003s   30.44%
==========================================================================
Raw dmesg output with timestamps:
x86 base no deferred:    https://hastebin.com/ofunepurit.scala
x86 base deferred:       https://hastebin.com/ifazegeyas.scala
x86 fix no deferred:     https://hastebin.com/pegocohevo.scala
x86 fix deferred:        https://hastebin.com/ofupevikuk.scala
sparc base no deferred:  https://hastebin.com/ibobeteken.go
sparc base deferred:     https://hastebin.com/fariqimiyu.go
sparc fix no deferred:   https://hastebin.com/muhegoheyi.go
sparc fix deferred:      https://hastebin.com/xadinobutu.go

Pavel Tatashin (11):
  x86/mm: setting fields in deferred pages
  sparc64/mm: setting fields in deferred pages
  mm: deferred_init_memmap improvements
  sparc64: simplify vmemmap_populate
  mm: defining memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw
  mm: zero struct pages during initialization
  sparc64: optimized struct page zeroing
  mm: zero reserved and unavailable struct pages
  x86/kasan: explicitly zero kasan shadow memory
  arm64/kasan: explicitly zero kasan shadow memory
  mm: stop zeroing memory during allocation in vmemmap

 arch/arm64/mm/kasan_init.c          |  42 ++++++++
 arch/sparc/include/asm/pgtable_64.h |  30 ++++++
 arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c             |  31 +++---
 arch/x86/mm/init_64.c               |   9 +-
 arch/x86/mm/kasan_init_64.c         |  66 ++++++++++++
 include/linux/bootmem.h             |  27 +++++
 include/linux/memblock.h            |  16 +++
 include/linux/mm.h                  |  26 +++++
 mm/memblock.c                       |  60 +++++++++--
 mm/page_alloc.c                     | 207 ++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 mm/sparse-vmemmap.c                 |  14 +--
 mm/sparse.c                         |   6 +-
 12 files changed, 406 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-)

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 10/11] arm64/kasan: explicitly zero kasan shadow memory

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:03:54

To optimize the performance of struct page initialization,
vmemmap_populate() will no longer zero memory.

We must explicitly zero the memory that is allocated by vmemmap_populate()
for kasan, as this memory does not go through struct page initialization
path.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 arch/arm64/mm/kasan_init.c | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/kasan_init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/kasan_init.c
index 81f03959a4ab..e78a9ecbb687 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/kasan_init.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/kasan_init.c

@@ -135,6 +135,41 @@ static void __init clear_pgds(unsigned long start,
 		set_pgd(pgd_offset_k(start), __pgd(0));
 }
 
+/*
+ * Memory that was allocated by vmemmap_populate is not zeroed, so we must
+ * zero it here explicitly.
+ */
+static void
+zero_vmemmap_populated_memory(void)
+{
+	struct memblock_region *reg;
+	u64 start, end;
+
+	for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
+		start = __phys_to_virt(reg->base);
+		end = __phys_to_virt(reg->base + reg->size);
+
+		if (start >= end)
+			break;
+
+		start = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow((void *)start);
+		end = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow((void *)end);
+
+		/* Round to the start end of the mapped pages */
+		start = round_down(start, SWAPPER_BLOCK_SIZE);
+		end = round_up(end, SWAPPER_BLOCK_SIZE);
+		memset((void *)start, 0, end - start);
+	}
+
+	start = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow(_text);
+	end = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow(_end);
+
+	/* Round to the start end of the mapped pages */
+	start = round_down(start, SWAPPER_BLOCK_SIZE);
+	end = round_up(end, SWAPPER_BLOCK_SIZE);
+	memset((void *)start, 0, end - start);
+}
+
 void __init kasan_init(void)
 {
 	u64 kimg_shadow_start, kimg_shadow_end;

@@ -205,8 +240,15 @@ void __init kasan_init(void)
 			pfn_pte(sym_to_pfn(kasan_zero_page), PAGE_KERNEL_RO));
 
 	memset(kasan_zero_page, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+
 	cpu_replace_ttbr1(lm_alias(swapper_pg_dir));
 
+	/*
+	 * vmemmap_populate does not zero the memory, so we need to zero it
+	 * explicitly
+	 */
+	zero_vmemmap_populated_memory();
+
 	/* At this point kasan is fully initialized. Enable error messages */
 	init_task.kasan_depth = 0;
 	pr_info("KernelAddressSanitizer initialized\n");

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 02/11] sparc64/mm: setting fields in deferred pages

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:03:56

Without deferred struct page feature (CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT),
flags and other fields in "struct page"es are never changed prior to first
initializing struct pages by going through __init_single_page().

With deferred struct page feature enabled there is a case where we set some
fields prior to initializing:

mem_init() {
     register_page_bootmem_info();
     free_all_bootmem();
     ...
}

When register_page_bootmem_info() is called only non-deferred struct pages
are initialized. But, this function goes through some reserved pages which
might be part of the deferred, and thus are not yet initialized.

mem_init
register_page_bootmem_info
register_page_bootmem_info_node
 get_page_bootmem
  .. setting fields here ..
  such as: page->freelist = (void *)type;

free_all_bootmem()
free_low_memory_core_early()
 for_each_reserved_mem_region()
  reserve_bootmem_region()
   init_reserved_page() <- Only if this is deferred reserved page
    __init_single_pfn()
     __init_single_page()
      memset(0) <-- Loose the set fields here

We end-up with similar issue as in the previous patch, where currently we
do not observe problem as memory is zeroed. But, if flag asserts are
changed we can start hitting issues.

Also, because in this patch series we will stop zeroing struct page memory
during allocation, we must make sure that struct pages are properly
initialized prior to using them.

The deferred-reserved pages are initialized in free_all_bootmem().
Therefore, the fix is to switch the above calls.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c b/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c
index b3020a956b87..12dbba85a2e2 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c

@@ -2508,9 +2508,15 @@ void __init mem_init(void)
 {
 	high_memory = __va(last_valid_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
 
-	register_page_bootmem_info();
 	free_all_bootmem();
 
+	/* Must be done after boot memory is put on freelist, because here we
+	 * might set fields in deferred struct pages that have not yet been
+	 * initialized, and free_all_bootmem() initializes all the reserved
+	 * deferred pages for us.
+	 */
+	register_page_bootmem_info();
+
 	/*
 	 * Set up the zero page, mark it reserved, so that page count
 	 * is not manipulated when freeing the page from user ptes.

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 01/11] x86/mm: setting fields in deferred pages

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:03:57

Without deferred struct page feature (CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT),
flags and other fields in "struct page"es are never changed prior to first
initializing struct pages by going through __init_single_page().

With deferred struct page feature enabled, however, we set fields in
register_page_bootmem_info that are subsequently clobbered right after in
free_all_bootmem:

        mem_init() {
                register_page_bootmem_info();
                free_all_bootmem();
                ...
        }

When register_page_bootmem_info() is called only non-deferred struct pages
are initialized. But, this function goes through some reserved pages which
might be part of the deferred, and thus are not yet initialized.

  mem_init
   register_page_bootmem_info
    register_page_bootmem_info_node
     get_page_bootmem
      .. setting fields here ..
      such as: page->freelist = (void *)type;

  free_all_bootmem()
   free_low_memory_core_early()
    for_each_reserved_mem_region()
     reserve_bootmem_region()
      init_reserved_page() <- Only if this is deferred reserved page
       __init_single_pfn()
        __init_single_page()
            memset(0) <-- Loose the set fields here

We end-up with issue where, currently we do not observe problem as memory
is explicitly zeroed. But, if flag asserts are changed we can start hitting
issues.

Also, because in this patch series we will stop zeroing struct page memory
during allocation, we must make sure that struct pages are properly
initialized prior to using them.

The deferred-reserved pages are initialized in free_all_bootmem().
Therefore, the fix is to switch the above calls.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 arch/x86/mm/init_64.c | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
index 62a91e6b1237..3a997352a992 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c

@@ -1174,12 +1174,17 @@ void __init mem_init(void)
 
 	/* clear_bss() already clear the empty_zero_page */
 
-	register_page_bootmem_info();
-
 	/* this will put all memory onto the freelists */
 	free_all_bootmem();
 	after_bootmem = 1;
 
+	/* Must be done after boot memory is put on freelist, because here we
+	 * might set fields in deferred struct pages that have not yet been
+	 * initialized, and free_all_bootmem() initializes all the reserved
+	 * deferred pages for us.
+	 */
+	register_page_bootmem_info();
+
 	/* Register memory areas for /proc/kcore */
 	kclist_add(&kcore_vsyscall, (void *)VSYSCALL_ADDR,
 			 PAGE_SIZE, KCORE_OTHER);

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 03/11] mm: deferred_init_memmap improvements

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:04:03

This patch fixes two issues in deferred_init_memmap

=====
In deferred_init_memmap() where all deferred struct pages are initialized
we have a check like this:

if (page->flags) {
	VM_BUG_ON(page_zone(page) != zone);
	goto free_range;
}

This way we are checking if the current deferred page has already been
initialized. It works, because memory for struct pages has been zeroed, and
the only way flags are not zero if it went through __init_single_page()
before.  But, once we change the current behavior and won't zero the memory
in memblock allocator, we cannot trust anything inside "struct page"es
until they are initialized. This patch fixes this.

The deferred_init_memmap() is re-written to loop through only free memory
ranges provided by memblock.

=====
This patch fixes another existing issue on systems that have holes in
zones i.e CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE is defined.

In for_each_mem_pfn_range() we have code like this:

if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn)
	goto free_range;

Note: 'page' is not set to NULL and is not incremented but 'pfn' advances.
Thus means if deferred struct pages are enabled on systems with these kind
of holes, linux would get memory corruptions. I have fixed this issue by
defining a new macro that performs all the necessary operations when we
free the current set of pages.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 161 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------------
 1 file changed, 78 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 7a58eb5757e3..c170ac569aec 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c

@@ -1409,14 +1409,17 @@ void clear_zone_contiguous(struct zone *zone)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
-static void __init deferred_free_range(struct page *page,
-					unsigned long pfn, int nr_pages)
+static void __init deferred_free_range(unsigned long pfn,
+				       unsigned long nr_pages)
 {
-	int i;
+	struct page *page;
+	unsigned long i;
 
-	if (!page)
+	if (!nr_pages)
 		return;
 
+	page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
+
 	/* Free a large naturally-aligned chunk if possible */
 	if (nr_pages == pageblock_nr_pages &&
 	    (pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) == 0) {

@@ -1442,19 +1445,82 @@ static inline void __init pgdat_init_report_one_done(void)
 		complete(&pgdat_init_all_done_comp);
 }
 
+#define DEFERRED_FREE(nr_free, free_base_pfn, page)			\
+({									\
+	unsigned long nr = (nr_free);					\
+									\
+	deferred_free_range((free_base_pfn), (nr));			\
+	(free_base_pfn) = 0;						\
+	(nr_free) = 0;							\
+	page = NULL;							\
+	nr;								\
+})
+
+static unsigned long deferred_init_range(int nid, int zid, unsigned long pfn,
+					 unsigned long end_pfn)
+{
+	struct mminit_pfnnid_cache nid_init_state = { };
+	unsigned long nr_pgmask = pageblock_nr_pages - 1;
+	unsigned long free_base_pfn = 0;
+	unsigned long nr_pages = 0;
+	unsigned long nr_free = 0;
+	struct page *page = NULL;
+
+	for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
+		/*
+		 * First we check if pfn is valid on architectures where it is
+		 * possible to have holes within pageblock_nr_pages. On systems
+		 * where it is not possible, this function is optimized out.
+		 *
+		 * Then, we check if a current large page is valid by only
+		 * checking the validity of the head pfn.
+		 *
+		 * meminit_pfn_in_nid is checked on systems where pfns can
+		 * interleave within a node: a pfn is between start and end
+		 * of a node, but does not belong to this memory node.
+		 *
+		 * Finally, we minimize pfn page lookups and scheduler checks by
+		 * performing it only once every pageblock_nr_pages.
+		 */
+		if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn)) {
+			nr_pages += DEFERRED_FREE(nr_free, free_base_pfn, page);
+		} else if (!(pfn & nr_pgmask) && !pfn_valid(pfn)) {
+			nr_pages += DEFERRED_FREE(nr_free, free_base_pfn, page);
+		} else if (!meminit_pfn_in_nid(pfn, nid, &nid_init_state)) {
+			nr_pages += DEFERRED_FREE(nr_free, free_base_pfn, page);
+		} else if (page && (pfn & nr_pgmask)) {
+			page++;
+			__init_single_page(page, pfn, zid, nid);
+			nr_free++;
+		} else {
+			nr_pages += DEFERRED_FREE(nr_free, free_base_pfn, page);
+			page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
+			__init_single_page(page, pfn, zid, nid);
+			free_base_pfn = pfn;
+			nr_free = 1;
+			cond_resched();
+		}
+	}
+	/* Free the last block of pages to allocator */
+	nr_pages += DEFERRED_FREE(nr_free, free_base_pfn, page);
+
+	return nr_pages;
+}
+
 /* Initialise remaining memory on a node */
 static int __init deferred_init_memmap(void *data)
 {
 	pg_data_t *pgdat = data;
 	int nid = pgdat->node_id;
-	struct mminit_pfnnid_cache nid_init_state = { };
 	unsigned long start = jiffies;
 	unsigned long nr_pages = 0;
-	unsigned long walk_start, walk_end;
-	int i, zid;
+	unsigned long spfn, epfn;
+	phys_addr_t spa, epa;
+	int zid;
 	struct zone *zone;
 	unsigned long first_init_pfn = pgdat->first_deferred_pfn;
 	const struct cpumask *cpumask = cpumask_of_node(pgdat->node_id);
+	u64 i;
 
 	if (first_init_pfn == ULONG_MAX) {
 		pgdat_init_report_one_done();

@@ -1476,83 +1542,12 @@ static int __init deferred_init_memmap(void *data)
 		if (first_init_pfn < zone_end_pfn(zone))
 			break;
 	}
+	first_init_pfn = max(zone->zone_start_pfn, first_init_pfn);
 
-	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &walk_start, &walk_end, NULL) {
-		unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
-		struct page *page = NULL;
-		struct page *free_base_page = NULL;
-		unsigned long free_base_pfn = 0;
-		int nr_to_free = 0;
-
-		end_pfn = min(walk_end, zone_end_pfn(zone));
-		pfn = first_init_pfn;
-		if (pfn < walk_start)
-			pfn = walk_start;
-		if (pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
-			pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
-
-		for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
-			if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn))
-				goto free_range;
-
-			/*
-			 * Ensure pfn_valid is checked every
-			 * pageblock_nr_pages for memory holes
-			 */
-			if ((pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) == 0) {
-				if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
-					page = NULL;
-					goto free_range;
-				}
-			}
-
-			if (!meminit_pfn_in_nid(pfn, nid, &nid_init_state)) {
-				page = NULL;
-				goto free_range;
-			}
-
-			/* Minimise pfn page lookups and scheduler checks */
-			if (page && (pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) != 0) {
-				page++;
-			} else {
-				nr_pages += nr_to_free;
-				deferred_free_range(free_base_page,
-						free_base_pfn, nr_to_free);
-				free_base_page = NULL;
-				free_base_pfn = nr_to_free = 0;
-
-				page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
-				cond_resched();
-			}
-
-			if (page->flags) {
-				VM_BUG_ON(page_zone(page) != zone);
-				goto free_range;
-			}
-
-			__init_single_page(page, pfn, zid, nid);
-			if (!free_base_page) {
-				free_base_page = page;
-				free_base_pfn = pfn;
-				nr_to_free = 0;
-			}
-			nr_to_free++;
-
-			/* Where possible, batch up pages for a single free */
-			continue;
-free_range:
-			/* Free the current block of pages to allocator */
-			nr_pages += nr_to_free;
-			deferred_free_range(free_base_page, free_base_pfn,
-								nr_to_free);
-			free_base_page = NULL;
-			free_base_pfn = nr_to_free = 0;
-		}
-		/* Free the last block of pages to allocator */
-		nr_pages += nr_to_free;
-		deferred_free_range(free_base_page, free_base_pfn, nr_to_free);
-
-		first_init_pfn = max(end_pfn, first_init_pfn);
+	for_each_free_mem_range(i, nid, MEMBLOCK_NONE, &spa, &epa, NULL) {
+		spfn = max_t(unsigned long, first_init_pfn, PFN_UP(spa));
+		epfn = min_t(unsigned long, zone_end_pfn(zone), PFN_DOWN(epa));
+		nr_pages += deferred_init_range(nid, zid, spfn, epfn);
 	}
 
 	/* Sanity check that the next zone really is unpopulated */

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 11/11] mm: stop zeroing memory during allocation in vmemmap

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:04:12

vmemmap_alloc_block() will no longer zero the block, so zero memory
at its call sites for everything except struct pages.  Struct page memory
is zero'd by struct page initialization.

Replace allocators in sprase-vmemmap to use the non-zeroing version. So,
we will get the performance improvement by zeroing the memory in parallel
when struct pages are zeroed.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 include/linux/mm.h  | 11 +++++++++++
 mm/sparse-vmemmap.c | 14 +++++++-------
 mm/sparse.c         |  6 +++---
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 0a440ff8f226..fba540aef1da 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h

@@ -2456,6 +2456,17 @@ static inline void *vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(unsigned long size, int node)
 	return __vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(size, node, NULL);
 }
 
+static inline void *vmemmap_alloc_block_zero(unsigned long size, int node)
+{
+	void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block(size, node);
+
+	if (!p)
+		return NULL;
+	memset(p, 0, size);
+
+	return p;
+}
+
 void vmemmap_verify(pte_t *, int, unsigned long, unsigned long);
 int vmemmap_populate_basepages(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 			       int node);

diff --git a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
index c50b1a14d55e..423d4da85a91 100644
--- a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
+++ b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static void * __ref __earlyonly_bootmem_alloc(int node,
 				unsigned long align,
 				unsigned long goal)
 {
-	return memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid(size, align, goal,
+	return memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw(size, align, goal,
 					    BOOTMEM_ALLOC_ACCESSIBLE, node);
 }

@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ void * __meminit vmemmap_alloc_block(unsigned long size, int node)
 
 		if (node_state(node, N_HIGH_MEMORY))
 			page = alloc_pages_node(
-				node, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL,
+				node, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL,
 				get_order(size));
 		else
 			page = alloc_pages(
-				GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL,
+				GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL,
 				get_order(size));
 		if (page)
 			return page_address(page);

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ pmd_t * __meminit vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, int node)
 {
 	pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
 	if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
-		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
+		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block_zero(PAGE_SIZE, node);
 		if (!p)
 			return NULL;
 		pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, p);

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pud_t * __meminit vmemmap_pud_populate(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, int node)
 {
 	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	if (pud_none(*pud)) {
-		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
+		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block_zero(PAGE_SIZE, node);
 		if (!p)
 			return NULL;
 		pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, p);

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ p4d_t * __meminit vmemmap_p4d_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node)
 {
 	p4d_t *p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
 	if (p4d_none(*p4d)) {
-		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
+		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block_zero(PAGE_SIZE, node);
 		if (!p)
 			return NULL;
 		p4d_populate(&init_mm, p4d, p);

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ pgd_t * __meminit vmemmap_pgd_populate(unsigned long addr, int node)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
 	if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
-		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
+		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block_zero(PAGE_SIZE, node);
 		if (!p)
 			return NULL;
 		pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd, p);

diff --git a/mm/sparse.c b/mm/sparse.c
index 7b4be3fd5cac..0e315766ad11 100644
--- a/mm/sparse.c
+++ b/mm/sparse.c

@@ -441,9 +441,9 @@ void __init sparse_mem_maps_populate_node(struct page **map_map,
 	}
 
 	size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
-	map = memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid(size * map_count,
-					  PAGE_SIZE, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS),
-					  BOOTMEM_ALLOC_ACCESSIBLE, nodeid);
+	map = memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw(size * map_count,
+					      PAGE_SIZE, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS),
+					      BOOTMEM_ALLOC_ACCESSIBLE, nodeid);
 	if (map) {
 		for (pnum = pnum_begin; pnum < pnum_end; pnum++) {
 			if (!present_section_nr(pnum))

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 06/11] mm: zero struct pages during initialization

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:04:13

Add struct page zeroing as a part of initialization of other fields in
__init_single_page().

This single thread performance collected on: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-8895
v3 @ 2.60GHz with 1T of memory (268400646 pages in 8 nodes):

                        BASE            FIX
sparse_init     11.244671836s   0.007199623s
zone_sizes_init  4.879775891s   8.355182299s
                  --------------------------
Total           16.124447727s   8.362381922s

sparse_init is where memory for struct pages is zeroed, and the zeroing
part is moved later in this patch into __init_single_page(), which is
called from zone_sizes_init().

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 include/linux/mm.h | 9 +++++++++
 mm/page_alloc.c    | 1 +
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 46b9ac5e8569..183ac5e733db 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h

@@ -93,6 +93,15 @@ extern int mmap_rnd_compat_bits __read_mostly;
 #define mm_forbids_zeropage(X)	(0)
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * On some architectures it is expensive to call memset() for small sizes.
+ * Those architectures should provide their own implementation of "struct page"
+ * zeroing by defining this macro in <asm/pgtable.h>.
+ */
+#ifndef mm_zero_struct_page
+#define mm_zero_struct_page(pp)  ((void)memset((pp), 0, sizeof(struct page)))
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Default maximum number of active map areas, this limits the number of vmas
  * per mm struct. Users can overwrite this number by sysctl but there is a

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 8293815ca85d..4d67fe3dd172 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c

@@ -1169,6 +1169,7 @@ static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone,
 static void __meminit __init_single_page(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
 				unsigned long zone, int nid)
 {
+	mm_zero_struct_page(page);
 	set_page_links(page, zone, nid, pfn);
 	init_page_count(page);
 	page_mapcount_reset(page);

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 05/11] mm: defining memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:04:15

* A new variant of memblock_virt_alloc_* allocations:
memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw()
    - Does not zero the allocated memory
    - Does not panic if request cannot be satisfied

* optimize early system hash allocations

Clients can call alloc_large_system_hash() with flag: HASH_ZERO to specify
that memory that was allocated for system hash needs to be zeroed,
otherwise the memory does not need to be zeroed, and client will initialize
it.

If memory does not need to be zero'd, call the new
memblock_virt_alloc_raw() interface, and thus improve the boot performance.

* debug for raw alloctor

When CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled, this patch sets all the memory that is
returned by memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw() to ones to ensure that no
places excpect zeroed memory.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 include/linux/bootmem.h | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 mm/memblock.c           | 60 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 mm/page_alloc.c         | 15 ++++++-------
 3 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/bootmem.h b/include/linux/bootmem.h
index e223d91b6439..ea30b3987282 100644
--- a/include/linux/bootmem.h
+++ b/include/linux/bootmem.h

@@ -160,6 +160,9 @@ extern void *__alloc_bootmem_low_node(pg_data_t *pgdat,
 #define BOOTMEM_ALLOC_ANYWHERE		(~(phys_addr_t)0)
 
 /* FIXME: Move to memblock.h at a point where we remove nobootmem.c */
+void *memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw(phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align,
+				      phys_addr_t min_addr,
+				      phys_addr_t max_addr, int nid);
 void *memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic(phys_addr_t size,
 		phys_addr_t align, phys_addr_t min_addr,
 		phys_addr_t max_addr, int nid);

@@ -176,6 +179,14 @@ static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc(
 					    NUMA_NO_NODE);
 }
 
+static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_raw(
+					phys_addr_t size,  phys_addr_t align)
+{
+	return memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw(size, align, BOOTMEM_LOW_LIMIT,
+					    BOOTMEM_ALLOC_ACCESSIBLE,
+					    NUMA_NO_NODE);
+}
+
 static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(
 					phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
 {

@@ -257,6 +268,14 @@ static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc(
 	return __alloc_bootmem(size, align, BOOTMEM_LOW_LIMIT);
 }
 
+static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_raw(
+					phys_addr_t size,  phys_addr_t align)
+{
+	if (!align)
+		align = SMP_CACHE_BYTES;
+	return __alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size, align, BOOTMEM_LOW_LIMIT);
+}
+
 static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(
 					phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
 {

@@ -309,6 +328,14 @@ static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid(phys_addr_t size,
 					  min_addr);
 }
 
+static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw(
+			phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align,
+			phys_addr_t min_addr, phys_addr_t max_addr, int nid)
+{
+	return ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(NODE_DATA(nid), size, align,
+				min_addr, max_addr);
+}
+
 static inline void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic(
 			phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align,
 			phys_addr_t min_addr, phys_addr_t max_addr, int nid)

diff --git a/mm/memblock.c b/mm/memblock.c
index 91205780e6b1..1f299fb1eb08 100644
--- a/mm/memblock.c
+++ b/mm/memblock.c

@@ -1327,7 +1327,6 @@ static void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_internal(
 	return NULL;
 done:
 	ptr = phys_to_virt(alloc);
-	memset(ptr, 0, size);
 
 	/*
 	 * The min_count is set to 0 so that bootmem allocated blocks

@@ -1340,6 +1339,45 @@ static void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_internal(
 	return ptr;
 }
 
+/**
+ * memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw - allocate boot memory block without zeroing
+ * memory and without panicking
+ * @size: size of memory block to be allocated in bytes
+ * @align: alignment of the region and block's size
+ * @min_addr: the lower bound of the memory region from where the allocation
+ *	  is preferred (phys address)
+ * @max_addr: the upper bound of the memory region from where the allocation
+ *	      is preferred (phys address), or %BOOTMEM_ALLOC_ACCESSIBLE to
+ *	      allocate only from memory limited by memblock.current_limit value
+ * @nid: nid of the free area to find, %NUMA_NO_NODE for any node
+ *
+ * Public function, provides additional debug information (including caller
+ * info), if enabled. Does not zero allocated memory, does not panic if request
+ * cannot be satisfied.
+ *
+ * RETURNS:
+ * Virtual address of allocated memory block on success, NULL on failure.
+ */
+void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw(
+			phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align,
+			phys_addr_t min_addr, phys_addr_t max_addr,
+			int nid)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+
+	memblock_dbg("%s: %llu bytes align=0x%llx nid=%d from=0x%llx max_addr=0x%llx %pF\n",
+		     __func__, (u64)size, (u64)align, nid, (u64)min_addr,
+		     (u64)max_addr, (void *)_RET_IP_);
+
+	ptr = memblock_virt_alloc_internal(size, align,
+					   min_addr, max_addr, nid);
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
+	if (ptr && size > 0)
+		memset(ptr, 0xff, size);
+#endif
+	return ptr;
+}
+
 /**
  * memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic - allocate boot memory block
  * @size: size of memory block to be allocated in bytes

@@ -1351,8 +1389,8 @@ static void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_internal(
  *	      allocate only from memory limited by memblock.current_limit value
  * @nid: nid of the free area to find, %NUMA_NO_NODE for any node
  *
- * Public version of _memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic() which provides
- * additional debug information (including caller info), if enabled.
+ * Public function, provides additional debug information (including caller
+ * info), if enabled. This function zeroes the allocated memory.
  *
  * RETURNS:
  * Virtual address of allocated memory block on success, NULL on failure.

@@ -1362,11 +1400,17 @@ void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic(
 				phys_addr_t min_addr, phys_addr_t max_addr,
 				int nid)
 {
+	void *ptr;
+
 	memblock_dbg("%s: %llu bytes align=0x%llx nid=%d from=0x%llx max_addr=0x%llx %pF\n",
 		     __func__, (u64)size, (u64)align, nid, (u64)min_addr,
 		     (u64)max_addr, (void *)_RET_IP_);
-	return memblock_virt_alloc_internal(size, align, min_addr,
-					     max_addr, nid);
+
+	ptr = memblock_virt_alloc_internal(size, align,
+					   min_addr, max_addr, nid);
+	if (ptr)
+		memset(ptr, 0, size);
+	return ptr;
 }
 
 /**

@@ -1380,7 +1424,7 @@ void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic(
  *	      allocate only from memory limited by memblock.current_limit value
  * @nid: nid of the free area to find, %NUMA_NO_NODE for any node
  *
- * Public panicking version of _memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic()
+ * Public panicking version of memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_nopanic()
  * which provides debug information (including caller info), if enabled,
  * and panics if the request can not be satisfied.
  *

@@ -1399,8 +1443,10 @@ void * __init memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid(
 		     (u64)max_addr, (void *)_RET_IP_);
 	ptr = memblock_virt_alloc_internal(size, align,
 					   min_addr, max_addr, nid);
-	if (ptr)
+	if (ptr) {
+		memset(ptr, 0, size);
 		return ptr;
+	}
 
 	panic("%s: Failed to allocate %llu bytes align=0x%llx nid=%d from=0x%llx max_addr=0x%llx\n",
 	      __func__, (u64)size, (u64)align, nid, (u64)min_addr,

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index c170ac569aec..8293815ca85d 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c

@@ -7356,18 +7356,17 @@ void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
 
 	log2qty = ilog2(numentries);
 
-	/*
-	 * memblock allocator returns zeroed memory already, so HASH_ZERO is
-	 * currently not used when HASH_EARLY is specified.
-	 */
 	gfp_flags = (flags & HASH_ZERO) ? GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_ZERO : GFP_ATOMIC;
 	do {
 		size = bucketsize << log2qty;
-		if (flags & HASH_EARLY)
-			table = memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(size, 0);
-		else if (hashdist)
+		if (flags & HASH_EARLY) {
+			if (flags & HASH_ZERO)
+				table = memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(size, 0);
+			else
+				table = memblock_virt_alloc_raw(size, 0);
+		} else if (hashdist) {
 			table = __vmalloc(size, gfp_flags, PAGE_KERNEL);
-		else {
+		} else {
 			/*
 			 * If bucketsize is not a power-of-two, we may free
 			 * some pages at the end of hash table which

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 08/11] mm: zero reserved and unavailable struct pages

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:05:49

Some memory is reserved but unavailable: not present in memblock.memory
(because not backed by physical pages), but present in memblock.reserved.
Such memory has backing struct pages, but they are not initialized by going
through __init_single_page().

In some cases these struct pages are accessed even if they do not contain
any data. One example is page_to_pfn() might access page->flags if this is
where section information is stored (CONFIG_SPARSEMEM,
SECTION_IN_PAGE_FLAGS).

Since, struct pages are zeroed in __init_single_page(), and not during
allocation time, we must zero such struct pages explicitly.

The patch involves adding a new memblock iterator:
	for_each_resv_unavail_range(i, p_start, p_end)

Which iterates through reserved && !memory lists, and we zero struct pages
explicitly by calling mm_zero_struct_page().

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 include/linux/memblock.h | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/mm.h       |  6 ++++++
 mm/page_alloc.c          | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 52 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/memblock.h b/include/linux/memblock.h
index bae11c7e7bf3..bdd4268f9323 100644
--- a/include/linux/memblock.h
+++ b/include/linux/memblock.h

@@ -237,6 +237,22 @@ unsigned long memblock_next_valid_pfn(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long max_pfn);
 	for_each_mem_range_rev(i, &memblock.memory, &memblock.reserved,	\
 			       nid, flags, p_start, p_end, p_nid)
 
+/**
+ * for_each_resv_unavail_range - iterate through reserved and unavailable memory
+ * @i: u64 used as loop variable
+ * @flags: pick from blocks based on memory attributes
+ * @p_start: ptr to phys_addr_t for start address of the range, can be %NULL
+ * @p_end: ptr to phys_addr_t for end address of the range, can be %NULL
+ *
+ * Walks over unavailabled but reserved (reserved && !memory) areas of memblock.
+ * Available as soon as memblock is initialized.
+ * Note: because this memory does not belong to any physical node, flags and
+ * nid arguments do not make sense and thus not exported as arguments.
+ */
+#define for_each_resv_unavail_range(i, p_start, p_end)			\
+	for_each_mem_range(i, &memblock.reserved, &memblock.memory,	\
+			   NUMA_NO_NODE, MEMBLOCK_NONE, p_start, p_end, NULL)
+
 static inline void memblock_set_region_flags(struct memblock_region *r,
 					     unsigned long flags)
 {

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 183ac5e733db..0a440ff8f226 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h

@@ -1968,6 +1968,12 @@ extern int __meminit __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn,
 					struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK
+void zero_resv_unavail(void);
+#else
+static inline void __paginginit zero_resv_unavail(void) {}
+#endif
+
 extern void set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve);
 extern void memmap_init_zone(unsigned long, int, unsigned long,
 				unsigned long, enum memmap_context);

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 4d67fe3dd172..484c16fb5f0d 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c

@@ -6261,6 +6261,34 @@ void __paginginit free_area_init_node(int nid, unsigned long *zones_size,
 	free_area_init_core(pgdat);
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK
+/*
+ * Only struct pages that are backed by physical memory are zeroed and
+ * initialized by going through __init_single_page(). But, there are some
+ * struct pages which are reserved in memblock allocator and their fields
+ * may be accessed (for example page_to_pfn() on some configuration accesses
+ * flags). We must explicitly zero those struct pages.
+ */
+void __paginginit zero_resv_unavail(void)
+{
+	phys_addr_t start, end;
+	unsigned long pfn;
+	u64 i, pgcnt;
+
+	/* Loop through ranges that are reserved, but do not have reported
+	 * physical memory backing.
+	 */
+	pgcnt = 0;
+	for_each_resv_unavail_range(i, &start, &end) {
+		for (pfn = PFN_DOWN(start); pfn < PFN_UP(end); pfn++) {
+			mm_zero_struct_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
+			pgcnt++;
+		}
+	}
+	pr_info("Reserved but unavailable: %lld pages", pgcnt);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK */
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
 
 #if MAX_NUMNODES > 1

@@ -6684,6 +6712,7 @@ void __init free_area_init_nodes(unsigned long *max_zone_pfn)
 			node_set_state(nid, N_MEMORY);
 		check_for_memory(pgdat, nid);
 	}
+	zero_resv_unavail();
 }
 
 static int __init cmdline_parse_core(char *p, unsigned long *core)

@@ -6847,6 +6876,7 @@ void __init free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size)
 {
 	free_area_init_node(0, zones_size,
 			__pa(PAGE_OFFSET) >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL);
+	zero_resv_unavail();
 }
 
 static int page_alloc_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu)

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 07/11] sparc64: optimized struct page zeroing

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:06:15

Add an optimized mm_zero_struct_page(), so struct page's are zeroed without
calling memset(). We do eight to ten regular stores based on the size of
struct page. Compiler optimizes out the conditions of switch() statement.

SPARC-M6 with 15T of memory, single thread performance:

                               BASE            FIX  OPTIMIZED_FIX
        bootmem_init   28.440467985s   2.305674818s   2.305161615s
free_area_init_nodes  202.845901673s 225.343084508s 172.556506560s
                      --------------------------------------------
Total                 231.286369658s 227.648759326s 174.861668175s

BASE:  current linux
FIX:   This patch series without "optimized struct page zeroing"
OPTIMIZED_FIX: This patch series including the current patch.

bootmem_init() is where memory for struct pages is zeroed during
allocation. Note, about two seconds in this function is a fixed time: it
does not increase as memory is increased.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 arch/sparc/include/asm/pgtable_64.h | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/sparc/include/asm/pgtable_64.h b/arch/sparc/include/asm/pgtable_64.h
index 6fbd931f0570..cee5cc7ccc51 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/include/asm/pgtable_64.h
+++ b/arch/sparc/include/asm/pgtable_64.h

@@ -230,6 +230,36 @@ extern unsigned long _PAGE_ALL_SZ_BITS;
 extern struct page *mem_map_zero;
 #define ZERO_PAGE(vaddr)	(mem_map_zero)
 
+/* This macro must be updated when the size of struct page grows above 80
+ * or reduces below 64.
+ * The idea that compiler optimizes out switch() statement, and only
+ * leaves clrx instructions
+ */
+#define	mm_zero_struct_page(pp) do {					\
+	unsigned long *_pp = (void *)(pp);				\
+									\
+	 /* Check that struct page is either 64, 72, or 80 bytes */	\
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct page) & 7);				\
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct page) < 64);				\
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct page) > 80);				\
+									\
+	switch (sizeof(struct page)) {					\
+	case 80:							\
+		_pp[9] = 0;	/* fallthrough */			\
+	case 72:							\
+		_pp[8] = 0;	/* fallthrough */			\
+	default:							\
+		_pp[7] = 0;						\
+		_pp[6] = 0;						\
+		_pp[5] = 0;						\
+		_pp[4] = 0;						\
+		_pp[3] = 0;						\
+		_pp[2] = 0;						\
+		_pp[1] = 0;						\
+		_pp[0] = 0;						\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+
 /* PFNs are real physical page numbers.  However, mem_map only begins to record
  * per-page information starting at pfn_base.  This is to handle systems where
  * the first physical page in the machine is at some huge physical address,

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 09/11] x86/kasan: explicitly zero kasan shadow memory

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:06:16

To optimize the performance of struct page initialization,
vmemmap_populate() will no longer zero memory.

We must explicitly zero the memory that is allocated by vmemmap_populate()
for kasan, as this memory does not go through struct page initialization
path.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 arch/x86/mm/kasan_init_64.c | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/kasan_init_64.c b/arch/x86/mm/kasan_init_64.c
index 02c9d7553409..96fde5bf9597 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/kasan_init_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/kasan_init_64.c

@@ -84,6 +84,66 @@ static struct notifier_block kasan_die_notifier = {
 };
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * x86 variant of vmemmap_populate() uses either PMD_SIZE pages or base pages
+ * to map allocated memory.  This routine determines the page size for the given
+ * address from vmemmap.
+ */
+static u64 get_vmemmap_pgsz(u64 addr)
+{
+	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	pud_t *pud;
+	pmd_t *pmd;
+
+	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
+	BUG_ON(pgd_none(*pgd) || pgd_large(*pgd));
+
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	BUG_ON(p4d_none(*p4d) || p4d_large(*p4d));
+
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
+	BUG_ON(pud_none(*pud) || pud_large(*pud));
+
+	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
+	BUG_ON(pmd_none(*pmd));
+
+	if (pmd_large(*pmd))
+		return PMD_SIZE;
+	return PAGE_SIZE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Memory that was allocated by vmemmap_populate is not zeroed, so we must
+ * zero it here explicitly.
+ */
+static void
+zero_vmemmap_populated_memory(void)
+{
+	u64 i, start, end;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < E820_MAX_ENTRIES && pfn_mapped[i].end; i++) {
+		void *kaddr_start = pfn_to_kaddr(pfn_mapped[i].start);
+		void *kaddr_end = pfn_to_kaddr(pfn_mapped[i].end);
+
+		start = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow(kaddr_start);
+		end = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow(kaddr_end);
+
+		/* Round to the start end of the mapped pages */
+		start = rounddown(start, get_vmemmap_pgsz(start));
+		end = roundup(end, get_vmemmap_pgsz(start));
+		memset((void *)start, 0, end - start);
+	}
+
+	start = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow(_stext);
+	end = (u64)kasan_mem_to_shadow(_end);
+
+	/* Round to the start end of the mapped pages */
+	start = rounddown(start, get_vmemmap_pgsz(start));
+	end = roundup(end, get_vmemmap_pgsz(start));
+	memset((void *)start, 0, end - start);
+}
+
 void __init kasan_early_init(void)
 {
 	int i;

@@ -146,6 +206,12 @@ void __init kasan_init(void)
 	load_cr3(init_top_pgt);
 	__flush_tlb_all();
 
+	/*
+	 * vmemmap_populate does not zero the memory, so we need to zero it
+	 * explicitly
+	 */
+	zero_vmemmap_populated_memory();
+
 	/*
 	 * kasan_zero_page has been used as early shadow memory, thus it may
 	 * contain some garbage. Now we can clear and write protect it, since

-- 
2.14.1

[PATCH v7 04/11] sparc64: simplify vmemmap_populate

From: Pavel Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-29 02:06:17

Remove duplicating code by using common functions
vmemmap_pud_populate and vmemmap_pgd_populate.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>
---
 arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c | 23 ++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c b/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c
index 12dbba85a2e2..a603d2c9087d 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c

@@ -2611,30 +2611,19 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate(unsigned long vstart, unsigned long vend,
 	vstart = vstart & PMD_MASK;
 	vend = ALIGN(vend, PMD_SIZE);
 	for (; vstart < vend; vstart += PMD_SIZE) {
-		pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(vstart);
+		pgd_t *pgd = vmemmap_pgd_populate(vstart, node);
 		unsigned long pte;
 		pud_t *pud;
 		pmd_t *pmd;
 
-		if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
-			pud_t *new = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
+		if (!pgd)
+			return -ENOMEM;
 
-			if (!new)
-				return -ENOMEM;
-			pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd, new);
-		}
-
-		pud = pud_offset(pgd, vstart);
-		if (pud_none(*pud)) {
-			pmd_t *new = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
-
-			if (!new)
-				return -ENOMEM;
-			pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, new);
-		}
+		pud = vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd, vstart, node);
+		if (!pud)
+			return -ENOMEM;
 
 		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, vstart);
-
 		pte = pmd_val(*pmd);
 		if (!(pte & _PAGE_VALID)) {
 			void *block = vmemmap_alloc_block(PMD_SIZE, node);

-- 
2.14.1

Re: [PATCH v7 04/11] sparc64: simplify vmemmap_populate

From: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Date: 2017-08-30 01:08:48

From: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2017 22:02:15 -0400

Remove duplicating code by using common functions
vmemmap_pud_populate and vmemmap_pgd_populate.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>

Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Re: [PATCH v7 02/11] sparc64/mm: setting fields in deferred pages

From: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Date: 2017-08-30 01:09:31

From: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2017 22:02:13 -0400

Without deferred struct page feature (CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT),
flags and other fields in "struct page"es are never changed prior to first
initializing struct pages by going through __init_single_page().

With deferred struct page feature enabled there is a case where we set some
fields prior to initializing:

mem_init() {
     register_page_bootmem_info();
     free_all_bootmem();
     ...
}

When register_page_bootmem_info() is called only non-deferred struct pages
are initialized. But, this function goes through some reserved pages which
might be part of the deferred, and thus are not yet initialized.

mem_init
register_page_bootmem_info
register_page_bootmem_info_node
 get_page_bootmem
  .. setting fields here ..
  such as: page->freelist = (void *)type;

free_all_bootmem()
free_low_memory_core_early()
 for_each_reserved_mem_region()
  reserve_bootmem_region()
   init_reserved_page() <- Only if this is deferred reserved page
    __init_single_pfn()
     __init_single_page()
      memset(0) <-- Loose the set fields here

We end-up with similar issue as in the previous patch, where currently we
do not observe problem as memory is zeroed. But, if flag asserts are
changed we can start hitting issues.

Also, because in this patch series we will stop zeroing struct page memory
during allocation, we must make sure that struct pages are properly
initialized prior to using them.

The deferred-reserved pages are initialized in free_all_bootmem().
Therefore, the fix is to switch the above calls.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>

Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Re: [PATCH v7 07/11] sparc64: optimized struct page zeroing

From: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Date: 2017-08-30 01:12:12

From: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2017 22:02:18 -0400

Add an optimized mm_zero_struct_page(), so struct page's are zeroed without
calling memset(). We do eight to ten regular stores based on the size of
struct page. Compiler optimizes out the conditions of switch() statement.

SPARC-M6 with 15T of memory, single thread performance:

                               BASE            FIX  OPTIMIZED_FIX
        bootmem_init   28.440467985s   2.305674818s   2.305161615s
free_area_init_nodes  202.845901673s 225.343084508s 172.556506560s
                      --------------------------------------------
Total                 231.286369658s 227.648759326s 174.861668175s

BASE:  current linux
FIX:   This patch series without "optimized struct page zeroing"
OPTIMIZED_FIX: This patch series including the current patch.

bootmem_init() is where memory for struct pages is zeroed during
allocation. Note, about two seconds in this function is a fixed time: it
does not increase as memory is increased.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <redacted>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <redacted>

You should probably use initializing stores when you are doing 8
stores and we thus know the page struct is cache line aligned.

But other than that:

Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Re: [PATCH v7 07/11] sparc64: optimized struct page zeroing

From: Pasha Tatashin <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-30 13:21:37

Hi Dave,

Thank you for acking.

The reason I am not doing initializing stores is because they require a 
membar, even if only regular stores are following (I hoped to do a 
membar before first load). This is something I was thinking was not 
true, but after consulting with colleagues and checking processor 
manual, I verified that it is the case.

Pasha

You should probably use initializing stores when you are doing 8
stores and we thus know the page struct is cache line aligned.

But other than that:

Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Re: [PATCH v7 07/11] sparc64: optimized struct page zeroing

From: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Date: 2017-08-30 17:46:13

From: Pasha Tatashin <redacted>
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2017 09:19:58 -0400

The reason I am not doing initializing stores is because they require
a membar, even if only regular stores are following (I hoped to do a
membar before first load). This is something I was thinking was not
true, but after consulting with colleagues and checking processor
manual, I verified that it is the case.

Oh yes, that's right, now I remember.

Re: [PATCH v7 08/11] mm: zero reserved and unavailable struct pages

From: kbuild test robot <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-30 21:23:08

Hi Pavel,

[auto build test ERROR on sparc/master]
[also build test ERROR on v4.13-rc7 next-20170829]
[cannot apply to mmotm/master]
[if your patch is applied to the wrong git tree, please drop us a note to help improve the system]

url:    https://github.com/0day-ci/linux/commits/Pavel-Tatashin/complete-deferred-page-initialization/20170831-041021
base:   https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc.git master
config: tile-allmodconfig (attached as .config)
compiler: tilegx-linux-gcc (GCC) 4.6.2
reproduce:
        wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/01org/lkp-tests/master/sbin/make.cross -O ~/bin/make.cross
        chmod +x ~/bin/make.cross
        # save the attached .config to linux build tree
        make.cross ARCH=tile 

All errors (new ones prefixed by >>):

   In file included from include/linux/pid_namespace.h:6:0,
                    from include/linux/ptrace.h:9,
                    from arch/tile/kernel/asm-offsets.c:35:

quoted

include/linux/mm.h:1974:33: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before 'zero_resv_unavail'

   make[2]: *** [arch/tile/kernel/asm-offsets.s] Error 1
   make[2]: Target '__build' not remade because of errors.
   make[1]: *** [prepare0] Error 2
   make[1]: Target 'prepare' not remade because of errors.
   make: *** [sub-make] Error 2

vim +1974 include/linux/mm.h

  1970	
  1971	#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK
  1972	void zero_resv_unavail(void);
  1973	#else

1974	static inline void __paginginit zero_resv_unavail(void) {}

  1975	#endif
  1976	

---
0-DAY kernel test infrastructure                Open Source Technology Center
https://lists.01.org/pipermail/kbuild-all                   Intel Corporation

Re: [PATCH v7 08/11] mm: zero reserved and unavailable struct pages

From: kbuild test robot <hidden>
Date: 2017-08-30 23:13:24

Hi Pavel,

[auto build test ERROR on sparc/master]
[also build test ERROR on v4.13-rc7 next-20170829]
[cannot apply to mmotm/master]
[if your patch is applied to the wrong git tree, please drop us a note to help improve the system]

url:    https://github.com/0day-ci/linux/commits/Pavel-Tatashin/complete-deferred-page-initialization/20170831-041021
base:   https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc.git master
config: cris-allmodconfig (attached as .config)
compiler: cris-linux-gcc (GCC) 6.2.0
reproduce:
        wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/01org/lkp-tests/master/sbin/make.cross -O ~/bin/make.cross
        chmod +x ~/bin/make.cross
        # save the attached .config to linux build tree
        make.cross ARCH=cris 

All errors (new ones prefixed by >>):

   In file included from mm/page_alloc.c:18:0:
   include/linux/mm.h:1974:33: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before 'zero_resv_unavail'
    static inline void __paginginit zero_resv_unavail(void) {}
                                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_area_init':

quoted

mm/page_alloc.c:6863:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'zero_resv_unavail' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]

     zero_resv_unavail();
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   cc1: some warnings being treated as errors

vim +/zero_resv_unavail +6863 mm/page_alloc.c

  6858	
  6859	void __init free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size)
  6860	{
  6861		free_area_init_node(0, zones_size,
  6862				__pa(PAGE_OFFSET) >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL);

6863		zero_resv_unavail();

  6864	}
  6865	

---
0-DAY kernel test infrastructure                Open Source Technology Center
https://lists.01.org/pipermail/kbuild-all                   Intel Corporation

`h`	back out one level
`j`	next message in thread
`k`	previous message in thread
`l`	drill in
`Esc`	close help / fold thread tree
`?`	toggle this help