@@ -4175,37 +4175,39 @@ static timestamp_t comparison_date(const struct rev_info *revs,
 		commit->date;
 }
 
-enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+/*
+ * Whether the commit is ignored by the cheap checks that read only its
+ * traversal flags and pack membership (e.g. already shown, or marked
+ * uninteresting), before any check that examines the commit's date,
+ * parents, message, or diff.
+ */
+static int commit_early_ignore(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	if (commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
-		return commit_ignore;
+		return 1;
 	if (revs->maximal_only && (commit->object.flags & CHILD_VISITED))
-		return commit_ignore;
+		return 1;
 	if (revs->unpacked && has_object_pack(revs->repo, &commit->object.oid))
-		return commit_ignore;
-	if (revs->no_kept_objects) {
-		if (has_object_kept_pack(revs->repo, &commit->object.oid,
-					 revs->keep_pack_cache_flags))
-			return commit_ignore;
-	}
+		return 1;
+	if (revs->no_kept_objects &&
+	    has_object_kept_pack(revs->repo, &commit->object.oid,
+				 revs->keep_pack_cache_flags))
+		return 1;
 	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decide whether this commit is shown or ignored.  Keep it a pure
+ * predicate: callers such as the commit graph depend on it having no
+ * side effects, so per-commit mutations (such as -L range tracking)
+ * belong in the caller, simplify_commit(), not here.
+ */
+enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit_early_ignore(revs, commit))
 		return commit_ignore;
-	if (revs->line_level_traverse && !want_ancestry(revs)) {
-		/*
-		 * In case of line-level log with parent rewriting
-		 * prepare_revision_walk() already took care of all line-level
-		 * log filtering, and there is nothing left to do here.
-		 *
-		 * If parent rewriting was not requested, then this is the
-		 * place to perform the line-level log filtering.  Notably,
-		 * this check, though expensive, must come before the other,
-		 * cheaper filtering conditions, because the tracked line
-		 * ranges must be adjusted even when the commit will end up
-		 * being ignored based on other conditions.
-		 */
-		if (!line_log_process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(revs, commit))
-			return commit_ignore;
-	}
 	if (revs->min_age != -1 &&
 	    comparison_date(revs, commit) > revs->min_age)
 			return commit_ignore;

@@ -4314,7 +4316,23 @@ struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit
 
 enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	enum commit_action action = get_commit_action(revs, commit);
+	enum commit_action action;
+
+	/*
+	 * For a line-level log without parent rewriting, fold each commit's
+	 * ranges as the walk reaches it (parent rewriting does this eagerly in
+	 * prepare_revision_walk()).  Fold before get_commit_action() so the
+	 * ranges carry across a commit that a later, cheaper check ignores;
+	 * the commit_early_ignore() guard skips a commit get_commit_action()
+	 * would ignore outright.
+	 */
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse && !want_ancestry(revs) &&
+	    !commit_early_ignore(revs, commit)) {
+		if (!line_log_process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(revs, commit))
+			return commit_ignore;
+	}
+
+	action = get_commit_action(revs, commit);
 
 	if (action == commit_show &&
 	    revs->prune && revs->dense && want_ancestry(revs)) {

@@ -13,9 +13,12 @@
 #include "test-tool.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "diff.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+#include "object-name.h"
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "setup.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static void print_commit(struct commit *commit)
 {

@@ -51,6 +54,60 @@ static int run_revision_walk(void)
 	return got_revision;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Check that get_commit_action() is a pure predicate by evaluating it on a
+ * commit the walk has not reached yet.  No git command makes that out-of-order
+ * call, so this probe does it deliberately, and reports whether the call
+ * mutated the peeked commit: a pure get_commit_action() leaves it untouched.
+ * We compare the commit's flags rather than the emitted commit list because
+ * range merges are idempotent, so a side effect would not change which commits
+ * are shown.  Only meaningful for a plain "-L" walk with no parent rewriting.
+ */
+static int line_log_peek(const char **argv)
+{
+	struct repository *repo = the_repository;
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct string_list range_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct object_id oid;
+	struct commit *peek;
+	const char *rev_argv[3];
+	unsigned before, after;
+
+	if (repo_get_oid(repo, argv[0], &oid))
+		die("bad peek commit: %s", argv[0]);
+	peek = lookup_commit_reference(repo, &oid);
+	if (!peek || repo_parse_commit(repo, peek))
+		die("cannot parse peek commit: %s", argv[0]);
+
+	repo_init_revisions(repo, &rev, NULL);
+	rev.diffopt.flags.recursive = 1;
+	rev.line_level_traverse = 1;
+	string_list_append(&range_args, argv[1]);
+
+	rev_argv[0] = "line-log-peek";
+	rev_argv[1] = argv[2];
+	rev_argv[2] = NULL;
+	setup_revisions(2, rev_argv, &rev, NULL);
+
+	line_log_init(&rev, NULL, &range_args);
+
+	if (rev.rewrite_parents || rev.children.name)
+		die("line-log-peek requires a non-ancestry (-L, no --graph) walk");
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
+		die("prepare_revision_walk failed");
+
+	before = peek->object.flags;
+	get_commit_action(&rev, peek);
+	after = peek->object.flags;
+
+	printf("mutated %d\n", before != after);
+
+	release_revisions(&rev);
+	string_list_clear(&range_args, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd__revision_walking(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	if (argc < 2)

@@ -69,6 +126,12 @@ int cmd__revision_walking(int argc, const char **argv)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "line-log-peek")) {
+		if (argc != 5)
+			die("usage: test-tool revision-walking line-log-peek <peek-commit> <start,end:file> <rev>");
+		return line_log_peek(argv + 2);
+	}
+
 	fprintf(stderr, "check usage\n");
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -781,4 +781,24 @@ test_expect_success '--summary shows new file on root commit' '
 	test_grep "create mode 100644 file.c" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'get_commit_action() does not mutate a not-yet-walked commit' '
+	git init peek &&
+	(
+		cd peek &&
+		test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 >f.c &&
+		git add f.c && test_tick && git commit -m base &&
+		test_write_lines 1 two 3 4 5 >f.c &&
+		test_tick && git commit -am change &&
+
+		# Peek HEAD^, which the walk has not reached (the out-of-order
+		# call a lookahead makes), and confirm get_commit_action() leaves
+		# it untouched.  A side effect is invisible in the commit list
+		# (range merges are idempotent), so the helper reports whether the
+		# call mutated the peeked commit at all.
+		echo "mutated 0" >expect &&
+		test-tool revision-walking line-log-peek HEAD^ 1,3:f.c HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done